Early United States History Study Guide

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key figures, presidential terms, Supreme Court rulings, legislation, and major events from the Early American Republic study guide.

Alexander Hamilton

The first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson

The first Secretary of State and the 3rd President of the United States who purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.

Whiskey Rebellion

An uprising where farmers grew angry over a tax on whiskey, leading President Washington to send $12{,}000$ soldiers to halt the conflict and demonstrate federal power.

First 5 Presidents

The initial five U.S. presidents in order: 1st George Washington, 2nd John Adams, 3rd Thomas Jefferson, 4th James Madison, and 5th James Monroe.

Federalists

An early political party that advocated for a strong national government.

Democratic-Republicans

An early political party that supported strong state governments and rights for common people.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Legislation signed by President John Adams that took away free speech, prohibiting citizens from criticizing the government.

Marbury v. Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established judicial review, allowing the court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, established by Marbury v. Madison.

McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court cases that expanded and granted more power to the federal government.

Election of 1800

A historic election marked by the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another.

Louisiana Purchase

An $1803$ land deal in which President Jefferson purchased territory from France for $\text{\$}15\text{ million}$, doubling the geographic size of the United States.

Embargo Act of 1807

A measure where the U.S. halted all foreign trade to avoid war, resulting in significant harm to the domestic economy.

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Britain during which Francis Scott Key penned "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the battle of Fort McHenry.

Francis Scott Key

The author who composed "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the battle at Fort McHenry in the War of 1812.

Monroe Doctrine

A foreign policy statement by President Monroe telling European nations to stay out of the Americas and cease establishing new colonies.

Corrupt Bargain (1824)

The controversial $1824$ political outcome where Andrew Jackson received the most votes, but the House of Representatives selected John Quincy Adams as president instead.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans by President Jackson from their native homelands to Indian Territory in Oklahoma, leading to many deaths.

Nullification Crisis

A standoff where South Carolina attempted to cancel a federal tax and threatened secession from the U.S., prompting President Jackson to threaten military deployment.