Cell division: Mitosis and meiosis

Interphase (G1)

First phase of interphase where the cell grows, before DNA replication

Interphase (S phase)

DNA replication “synthesis” occurs

Interphase (G2)

final preparations for mitosis

Mitosis

produce identical cells

meiosis

reduce amount of DNA in cells by half

Diploid

A cell has 2 sets of N types of chromosomes

Haploid

a cell has 1 set of N types of chromosomes

Interphase (G0)

Cell is not preparing to divide

Interphase G1

cell growth; the time before DNA replication

Interphase S

DNA replication synthesis

Interphase G2

final preparation for division

prophase

Prometaphase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase / cytokinesis

nucleosome

chromatin looped around histone proteins

Chromatin

DNA organized at it’s smallest form

centrosome

region where centrioles and microtubules reside

centrioles

microtubules

acts as spindle fibers

chromatids

half of a chromosome; contains a gene from only one parent

centromere

connection point for chromosomes

histone

proteins that chromatin wrap around

stoma

gasses enter and leave a leaf through tiny openings called:

stroma

the fluid region inside of a chloroplast is called the:

thylakoid

membranes that are disk shaped

lumen

the center cavity in thylakoids

granum

a stack of thylakoids

deoxyribose

the pentose sugar in DNA is called:

DNA Ligase

enzyme that fixes gaps in the phosphate-sugar backbone