MED TERM CH12: diseases, disorders, specialists, & procedures

celiac disease

autoimmune response triggered by the intake of gluten causing damage to the small intestine

cirrhosis

permanent scarring of liver tissue commonly caused by alcoholism or chronic liver disease; complications include ascites and jaundice

polyps

colon cancer usually develops from growths called

stoma

attached opening in the abdominal wall

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

includes crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis

proctocolectomy

removal of the entire colon and rectum

diverticulosis

presence of bulging pouches in the colon

diverticulitis

when bulging pouches in the colon become infected or inflamed

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

chronic backing up of stomach acid into the esophagus caused by sphincter weakness

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

stomach or duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori bacteria or prolonged use of NSAIDs; confirmed via a urea breath test

peritonitis

life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneum; can paralyze bowel movement in a condition called paralytic ileus

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

gallstone

piece of hardened bile residue

partial colectomy

COLON CANCER: tumor section of colon is removed, and healthy colon sections are reattached in a procedure called anastomosis

colon resection w/ colostomy

COLON CANCER: tumor section of colon is removed but healthy sections cannot be reattached, so colostomy is performed

radiofrequency ablation

COLON CANCER: heat used to destroy cancer cells

diverticula

small, bulging pouches formed in lower large intestine (colon)

hiatal hernia

upper part of stomach bulges through opening in the diaphragm

gastroenterologist

physician specializing in diagnosing and treating GI and accessory organ disorders

proctologist

physician specializing in diseases of the rectum

barium enema

radiographic study of the large intestine using barium contrast and air under real-time x-ray called fluoroscopy

colonoscopy

visual inspection of the entire large intestine using an endoscope (flexible camera tube)

upper GI endoscopy (EGD)

procedure used to visually examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

fecal occult blood test (gFOBT)

screening test using chemical guaiac to detect hidden blood in stool

upper gastrointestinal series

an X-ray examination of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract

fecal immunochemical test

uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool

stool culture

a test that detects and identifies bacteria that cause infections of the lower digestive tract