Human Anatomy Quiz Wednesday Sept 17

stimulus

a change to a level occurs

sensor

the body detects a change

control center

the brain compares the current state to the set point and decides what to do to return to set point

effector

carries out the control center's response to the stimulus, reducing it (negative feedback) or increasing it (positive feedback)

integumentary

physical barrier that protects the body. senses stimuli, regulates body temperature and produces vitamin D

nervous system

carries electrical signals throughout the body to control thoughts and responses

respiratory system

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere

urinary tract

filters blood and removes waste by producing and excreting urine

skeletal

body support and structure: allows movement, makes blood cells, protects organs, stores minerals such as calcium

endocrine system

makes hormones to regulate a wide variety of bodily functions

immune/lymphatic system

prevents and minimizes infection of the body. returns excess fluid in the tissues back into the bloodstream

reproductive system

produces and sustains sperm and egg cells. enables fertilization, and supports developing offspring

muscular system

causes movements by contracting and relaxing

cardiovascular system

transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout the body

digestive system

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste

superior

higher, above

anterior

in front

posterior

behind

medial

closer to the middle

lateral

on the side

proximal

closer to the root of the limb

distal

further from the root of the limb

inferior

lower

superficial

close to the skin

deep

further from the skin

ipsilateral

on the same side as the reference point

contralateral

on the opposite side of the reference point

median plane

dividing into left/right down the middle

sagittal plane

dividing into left/right

coronal/frontal plane

dividing into front/back

transverse plane

diving into top/bottom

cranial cavity

cavity in the head

thoracic cavity

cavity in the chest

abdominal cavity

cavity in the stomach

pelvic cavity

cavity by the pelvis

spinal/vertebral cavity

spinal cord cavity

cephalic

on the head

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

buccal

cheek

mental

chin

otic

ear

occipital

back of head

cervical

neck

thoracic

chest

axillary

armpit

abdominal

stomach

umbilical

belly button

pelvic

space between thighs

pubic

genital

brachial

upper arm

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

digital

fingers and toes

dorsal

back

vertebral

backbone

lumbar

lower back

sacral

at the top of the gluteal cleft

gluteal

gluteus maximus

coxal

hip

femoral

thigh

patellar

kneec

crural

shin/knee to calves

sural

calf

pedal

foot

tarsal

ankle