biology paper1- specialised cells

What is a specialised cell?

a cell that has a specific structure and shape to carry out a particular job in a multicellular organism

How is a sperm cell adapted for fertilisation?

- Tail to swim towards the egg

- Many mitochondria to release energy

- Acrosome contains enzymes to penetrate the egg

- Haploid nucleus contains half the genetic material

How is a nerve cell adapted

for its function?

Long axon carries impulses over long distances

- Branched ends connect with other cells

- Myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up impulses

How is muscle cell adapted for contraction?

- Contains protein fibres that contract

- Many mitochondria release energy for contraction

How is root hair cell adapted to absorb water and mineral ion?

- Long hair-like extension gives a large surface area

- Thin cell wall helps water enter

- Mitochondria supply energy for active transport of mineral ions

How is xylem vessels adapted to transport water?

- Long hair-like extension gives a large surface area

- Thin cell wall helps water enter

- Mitochondria supply energy for active transport of mineral ions

What is the function of phloem tissues.

- Transports dissolved sugars around the plant by translocation

- Companion cells provide energy for this process