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19 Terms
What muscles are responsible for abducting the arytenoids in laryngeal paralysis?
Abductor muscles
What nerves innervate the abductor muscles involved in laryngeal paralysis?
Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
Which species can develop laryngeal paralysis?
Dogs and cats
Which species most often presents with clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis?
Dogs
What are the potential causes of laryngeal paralysis?
Idiopathic, ventral cervical lesion, anterior thoracic lesion, polyneuropathy, polymyopathy, endocrinopathy, and myasthenia gravis
What is idiopathic laryngeal paralysis considered part of?
A generalized neuromuscular and polyneuropathy complex
What age and breed are most commonly affected by idiopathic laryngeal paralysis?
Older large breed dogs
What are the hallmark clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis?
Respiratory distress and stridor
How is laryngeal paralysis diagnosed?
Laryngeal exam under light sedation
What is the treatment of choice for laryngeal paralysis?
Unilateral arytenoid lateralization
What is the tie-back technique used to treat?
Laryngeal paralysis
When should unilateral arytenoid lateralization not be performed?
When the patient has megaesophagus
What is the most common complication of laryngeal paralysis?
Aspiration pneumonia
What other conditions or signs may be associated with laryngeal paralysis?
Brachycephalic airway syndrome, stertor, vomiting, and regurgitation
What are the four anatomic components of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome?
Stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, hypoplastic trachea, and everted laryngeal saccules
Which breed was specifically mentioned with hypoplastic trachea in brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome?
Bulldogs
How should brachycephalic airway syndrome be treated?
Minimize stress factors and surgically correct the abnormalities
When should surgical procedures for brachycephalic airway syndrome be performed?
Early
How common is laryngeal neoplasia in dogs and cats?
Uncommon