chapter 9 joints and range of motion

synostosis

same , immobile joint , ex: attachment of first rib and sternum with old age

synarthrosis

slightly mobile, collagen fibers

gomphosis

joint in mouth

intervebral disc (fibrocartilage)

joint

synovial joint

most freely mobile

diarthrosis

joint cavity

articular cartilage

hyaline cartilage

synovial fluid

lubricant, nourishes articular cartilage, removes waste

joint (articular) capsule

encloses, retains fluid, oil in engine

synovial membrane

secretes, secretion=beneficial

movement of joints

is crucial

resistance arm

muscle moving

fulcrum

movement occurs

effort

gravity

first class lever

atlanto occipital joint , nodding head yes

second class lever

hip flexión, hip is fulcrum , resistance between fulcrum and effort

third class lever

elbow flexión , biceps curl

multiaxial

ball and socket

monoaxial

hinge , pivot

ball and socket joint

humeroscapular , multiaxial, shoulder= glenoid cavity (socket) + head of humerus (ball), hip = acetabulum (socket) head of femur (ball)

hinge joint

humeroulnar , monoaxial, sagittal plane , elbow = hinge where humerus meets ulnar, knee

pivot joint

radioulnar ,elbow = radial notch of ulnar articulates with radial head , monoaxial

flexión

decreases joint angle

extension

movement that increases a joint and returns body part to zero position (neutral/anatomical position)

hyper extension

beyond zero position , hip , shoulder, wrist , spine

abduction

away from midline

addiction

toward midline

protraction

slouching slope shoulders

retraction

posterior movement, straightening up

circumduction

appendage (extremities) , circular motion

medial (internal) rotation

turns bone inward (midline), shoulder + midline

lateral (external) rotation

turns bone outward, shoulder + hip

supination in elbow

anatomical position

pronation in elbow

spins, crosses ulna

lateral flexión

abduction

radial flexión

wrist abduction

ulnar flexion

medial adduction

midline

is 3rd digits in handle (middle finger)

dorsiflexion

elevating toes

plantar flexion

tiptoe

inversion

soles are turned medially (inwards)

eversión

soles are turned laterally (outwards)

pronation of foot

wrist, dorsiflexion, eversión, abduction

supination of foot

flexion , inversion, adduction

temporomandibular joint (tmj)

muscle problem, grating

glenoid labrum

deepens glenoid socket cavity increasing stability

shoulder

susceptible to dislocation , dislocates forward

humeroulnar joint

saggital plane , trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna – HINGE JOINT

húmeroradial joint

capitulum of humerus meets head of radius – PIVOT JOINT

annular ligament

radial head, medial

tendon

dense regular connective

fibular collateral ligament

lateral , lateral meniscus

tibial collateral ligament

medial , medial meniscus

lateral ligament

inversion sprain

arthritis

pain and inflammation of joints most common crippling disease in US

osteoarthritis

wear and tear arthritis, because of imbalance

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune attack against joint tissues