Microanatomy Chapter 2

Layers of blood vessels

Tunica intima, media, adventitia

Tunica Intima

Innermost layer of vessel, single layer endothelial cells

Tunica Media

Middle layer of vessel, predominantly muscle layer

Tunica Adventitia

Outermost layer of vessel, supporting tissue

Layers of heart wall

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Sarcoidosis

Causes granulomatous myocarditis

Endocardium

Supported by fibrous CT, contains cardiac muscle cells and purkinje fibers

Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Fibrocalcific nodules, fuse and distort valves

Infective endocarditis

Fibrin deposits on surface causing inflammation of white blood cells to erode valve

Aorta

Contains elastic tunica intima, smooth muscle and elastic tunica media, and tunica adventitia with vaso vasorum

Continous capillaries

Capillaries with tight junctions, least permeable. Encircle lumens and bounded by tight junctions

Fenestrated capillaries

Capillaries with pores for increased permeability, found in areas with active filtration

Marginal fold

Cytoplasmic flaps that extend across intercellular junctions along luminal side

Postcapillary Venules

Capillaries drain into it. Has endothelium and pericytes but no smooth muscle layer

Lymph follicles

Site of B Cell activation

Lines of Zahn

Thrombus made out of alternating layers of fibrin and platelet deposit while blood is still flowing

True aneurysm

Wall includes all normal layers of vessel wall

False aneurysm

Deficient in one or more of vessel walls

Lamina Propria

Dense collagenous tissue that connects to underlying muscle and submucosa

Crown

Projects into oral cavity, protected by enamel

Root

Embedded in bony alevolar ridge in jaw

Alveolus

Tooth socket

Dentine

Mineralized tissue of central pulp of tooth

Cementum

Layer over root, connected to bone socket by periodontal ligament

Gingiva

Oral mucosa covering upper part of alveolar ridge

Vermilion Border

Barrier between outer lip and oral mucosa

Odontoblasts

Cells that produce dentine

Ameloblasts

Cells that produce enamel

Crevicular epithelium

Thin layer of epithelial cells at gingival crevice

Periodontal Ligament

Made up of collagen fibers from the cementum to the bone

Palate

Made of stratified squamous epithelium and supported by collagenous lamina propria

Sulcus Terminalis

V shaped groove that demarcates ant 2/3 from post 1/3

Filiform papillae

Most numerous papillae with keratinized bristed surfaces

Fungiform Papillae

Scattered papillae that are thin and non keratinized. Very vascular and red

Circumvallate papillae

Located anterior of sulcus terminalis and contain taste buds

Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue

Lingual, adenoid, palatine, and tubal tonsils that guard entrance to GI and respiratory tracts

Myoepithelial Cells

Contractile cells to force secretion from acinar lumen to duct system

Parotid Gland

Largest salivary gland, mainly serous. Have intercalated duct with cuboidal secretory cells

Submandibular Gland

Mixture of serous and mucous secretory units. Contains serous demilunes

Sublinguinal gland

Smallest of salivary gland, predominantly mucous. Excretory ducts contain stratified cuboidal epithelium. Contains aoccasional adipocytes

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Mix of epithelial and myoepithelial cells with interspersed cystic spaces. Benign salivary tumor

Warthin’s tumor

Tumor of papillary and cystic structures, contains granular eosinophils

Mucocele

Collection of mucus from trauma to minor salivary gland

Mucosal lining of conduction portion

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Respiratory Portion

Includes respiratory broncholes, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Cell lining of alveoli

Simple squamous epithelium

Types of nasal sinuses

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

Chronic Cholecystitis

Chronic inflammation causing muscle hypertrophy, Rokitansky Aschoff Sinuses, and fibrosis

Rokitansky Aschoff Sinuses

Irregular mucosal pockets that extend into muscle layer