Lap 4 Civil War Study Guide

Following Lincoln’s election, which state seceded first? Total #?

1st = South Carolina Total = 11

Who became the president of the Confederacy? Capital?

Jefferson Davis

Richmond, Virginia

What did the Confederate constitution support (3)?

Slavery, states rights, no tariffs

What is the political and strategic importance of border states?

Border States - slave states that remain the Union

• Any border states that leave the Union add to Southern States resources

• Needs Maryland to stay in the Union

What did Lincoln vow to do in his inaugural speech?

Preserve, protect, and defend the Union

What were the North’s strengths? Weaknesses?

Strengths -

• most banks, factories, and ships

• North’s pop. is twice as big as South’s

• The North has more railroads than South

• North has a larger Navy

• Gov’t institutions have been tried and tested over the years

• More states stayed in the Union than have joined the Confederacy

Weaknesses

• Northerners disagree about the rights and wrongs of slavery

• Washington D.C., lies on the border between the North and South

What were the South’s strengths? Weaknesses?

Strengths -

• Excellent group of military officers

• Leaders in Britain and France sympathize with the South

• Southern soldiers are convinced of the rightness of the Confederate cause

• The Confederacy is fighting for independence

Weaknesses -

• Economic health depends on trade with Europe

• The South’s coastline in about 3,500 miles long

• Many of the South’s supply routes lie near the border states

• Slaves in the South cannot be counted on to support the Confederacy

What did the CSA need to create to be successful? Challenges to

success? *Who should win the Civil War?

Needs - Stable economy, transportation of goods, and good war strategies

Challenges - scarce resources, decentralized gov’t, Union Naval blockade

Union should win

Why did Lincoln not send troops to the South immediately after his

inauguration?

U cannot declare war on urself (Lincoln did not consider the South as a diff country)

What event began the Civil War? Why fired upon?

Fort Sumter

Confederate soldiers = “Send food” - South thought they we sending supplies, etc.

Why did Lincoln not ask Congress to declare war?

Lincoln does not consider the South as a separate nation, They are not independent so cannot declare war on them

Identify main points of the Union’s Anaconda plan:

• Blockade S ports

• Control rivers to get into the deep South

• Capture Richmond

• Destroy their ability to fight

Identify main point of the South’s plan:

DONT LOSE (war of attrition)

Which side was winning at first? How did it impact Lincoln’s administration?

Confederates

• Shift to Total War

• Emancipation Proclamation

• Reelection Pressure

What was the first big battle of the war?

Bull Run

How did Union forces learn about Lee’s plans in MD?

Union soldier found letters of Confederate orders

What was the military “outcome” of the battle at Antietam?

Lee-s first major Northern invasion, Confederates retreat, giving way to the Emancipation Proclamation

After Antietam, what did Lincoln believe it was now time to issue?

Emancipation Proclamation

Why would the Emancipation Proclamation go into effect in January?

Lincoln gave the South 100 days to agree to Emancipation Proclamation, if they didn’t follow all slaves would be free

Why did Lincoln not free all slaves everywhere? Who was freed?

Slave states in rebellion, needed some slaves in border states to help fight the war

What would Freedmen now be allowed to do in the army?

Fight?

Victory at Antietam and the Proclamation also influenced which other

gov’ts?

Encourged Brit’s to NOT get involved

Why was Union victory at Gettysburg a turning point (2)?

Up and around and over to DC

• Last time there is a major Confederate threat to DC

• Resulted in the first national cemetery

What was the main idea(s) of the Gettysburg Address?

If Union give up what did all these soldiers die for?

Name 3 reasons Union victory at Vicksburg was important:

• Give Union Control of Mississippi

• Cuts the Confederacy in half

• Union troops have access to deep south

1864-- Contrast new Union strategies of total war and war of attrition:

Total War -

• Prevent Southern supplies to help them win the war + making Southern life miserable/ hard to live

War of attrition -

• Use up all their materials and men