Righting and Equilibrium Reactions

What are the 3 purposes of righting reactions?

1. maintain head in space

2. restore correct alignment of head and trunk

3. positive supporting reactions (WB)

What is the onset and integration of optical righting reaction?

on: birth - 2mo

integ: persists

What is the stimulus and response of optical righting reaction?

stim: tilt baby in space

resp: head stays vertical, mouth horizontal

What happens if optical righting reaction does NOT develop?

no head control, poor gait and posture control

What is onset and integration of labyrinthine righting reaction?

on: birth - 2mo

integ: persists

What is the stimulus and response of labyrinthine righting reaction?

stim: blindfold baby and tilt in space

resp: head stays vertical, mouth horizontal

What happens if labyrinthine righting reaction does NOT develop?

poor orientation to space

What is the onset and integration of mature neck on body (NOB)?

on: 4-6mo

integ: 5 years

What is the stimulus and response of mature NOB?

stim: supine —> turn head

resp: segmental rotation of body

What happens if mature NOB does NOT develop?

can’t roll

What is the onset and integration of mature BOB?

on: 4mo

integ: 5 years

What is the stimulus and response of mature BOB?

stim: supine —> bring leg across body OR prone —> tuck arm under

resp: segmental realignment

What happens if mature BOB does NOT develop?

can’t get to sitting

What is the onset and integration of UE positive support reaction?

on: 3-6mo

integ: persists

What is the stimulus and response of UE positive support reaction?

stim: contact UE with surface

resp: WB on UE

What happens if UE positive support reaction does NOT develop?

can’t get into prone, sit, crawl, creep

What is onset and integration of mature LE positive support reaction?

on: 6-9mo

integ: persists

What is the stimulus and response of mature LE positive support reaction?

stim: lower child with feet onto a support surface

resp: total WB with knee and hip extension

What happens if mature LE positive support reaction does NOT develop?

can’t stand or walk

What is the difference between neonatal LE positive support and mature?

neonatal = partial WB; partially flexed LE

mature = total W: full LE extension

What are reactions that are automatic, compensatory elicited by stimulation of labyringths and integrated?

equilibrium reactions

What are the 3 types of equilibrium reactions?

1. visual placing

2. tilting

3. protective reactions

What is the onset and integration of tilting reactions?

on: prone = 5-6mo
supine and sitting = 7-8mo
quadruped = 9-12mo
standing = 12-21 months

integ = persists

What is the stimulus and response of tilting reactions?

stim: position child, tilt surface down or forward
resp: concave spine toward upward side, extension on upward side

What happens if tilting reaction does NOT develop?

postural disorder, will fall

When is a tilting reaction perfected?

when child is at next stage of motor development

What are 4 protective reactions for UE?

1. parachute

2. protective extension forward reaction

3. protective extension sideward reaction

4. protective extension backward reaction

What are 4 protective reactions for LE?

1. protective extension downward reaction

2. postural fixation equilibrium reaction

3. staggering/stepping protective reaction

4. protective shifting

What is onset and integration of forward protective reaction?

on: 6-9mo
integ: persists

What is stimulus and response of forward protective reaction?

stim: plunge head and arms forward and down, fast
resp: arms stretch out

What happens if forward protective reaction does NOT develop?

can’t protect, WB on UE

What is onset and integration of sideward protective reaction?

on: 7-9mo
integ: persists

What is stimulus and response of sideward protective reaction?

stim: sit and push sideways briskly
resp: catch oneself

What happens if sideward protective reaction does NOT develop?

fall sideways, can’t sit without support

What is onset and integration of backward protective reaction?

on: 9-10mo
integ: persists

What is stimulus and response of backward protective reaction?

stim: long sit —> push child backward

resp: catch oneself

What happens if backward protective reaction does NOT develop?

falls backwards, can’t sit without support

What is onset and integration of LE protective extension downward?

on: 4mo

integ: persists

What is stimulus and response of LE protective extension downward?

stim: hold vertical, rapidly plunge toward support surface

resp: legs extend

What happens if LE protective extension downward does NOT develop?

can’t WB

What is the onset and integration of postural fixation?

on: prone = 5-6mo
supine and sitting = 7-8mo
quadruped = 9-12mo
standing = 12-21 months

integ = persists

What is the stimulus and response of postural fixation?

stim: position —> apply outside force

response: bracing of entire body

What happens if postural fixation does NOT develop?

balance loss of anticipated impact

What is the onset and integration of protective stepping?

on: 15-18mo
integ: persists

What is the stimulus and response of protective stepping?

stim: perturb in standing on trunk or pelvis

resp: staggering steps to regain balance

What happens if protective stepping does NOT develop?

can’t stand upright when displaced