CHEMIST AND HOW THEY HAVE MADE AN IMPACT ON OUR LIVES

Empedocles

Argued that all things in the universe are made from four fundamental "roots": earth, air, fire, and water.

100-300 CE

Alchemy emerges as a proto-science in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe, focused on turning base metals into gold and finding an elixir of life.

1530

year of paracelsus

Democritus

said all matter is made up of tiny particles called atomos, moving through empty space

indivisible

atomos means

Acharya Kanad

said matter is made up of tiny particles called paramanu or anu

diatomic or triatomic molecules

one or more anu form…

1000 BCE

Early civilizations use practical chemistry like pottery, glassmaking, extracting metals from ores, and brewing.

paracelsus

transformed alchemy into iatrochemistry (medical chemistry),

chemistry should be creating medicine instead of turning lead into gold

what did paracelsus proved

JĀBIR IBN ḤAYYĀN

father of Arabic and early chemistry for introducing systematic laboratory experimentation

1661

year of rober boyle

robert boyle

first modern chemist and a pioneer of the modern experimental scientific method.

robert boyle

made the sceptical chemist

the sceptical chemist

emphasized experimentation over philosophy & alchemy

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

"father of modern chemistry“.

Law of Conservation of Mass

He proved that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, only transformed.

antoine-laurent de lavoisier

named hydrogen and oxygen

oxygen (acid former) & hydrogen (water former)

what compound is water

joseph priestly

discovered oxygen and other gases

nitrous oxide

laughing gas

1743-1794

what year is lavoisier

1770s

year of joseph priestly

john dalton

made atomic theory in 19th centure

atomic theory

scientific model to describe all matter using tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.

Jons Jacob Berzelius

made chemical symbols

friedrich wohler

synthesizing the organic compound urea from inorganic materials.

friedrich wohler

converted ammonium cyanate into urea

ammonium cyanate

inorganic salt

urea

biological waste found in urine

1803

year of dalton

1828

year of wohler

dmitri mendeleev

first widely accepted Periodic Table of Elements

gallium, scadium, & germanium

what elements did dmitri predicted

1869

year of dmitri

marie curie & pierre curie

discovering the radioactive elements polonium and radium

radioactivity is an atomic property rather than a molecular arrangement.

marie and pierre curie proved that….

1898

year of marie cure

niels bohr

introduced quantum theory to atomic structure and earned him the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.

the bohr atomic model

positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons traveling in fixed, circular orbits or shells.

james chadwick

discovery of the neutron

1932

year of chadwick

wallace carothers

inventing nylon and neoprene, and by proving that polymers consist of giant, chain-like molecules.

1930

year of neoprene

1934

year of nylon

nylon

first fully synthetic fiber, it replaced natural silk

neoprene

first commercially successful synthetic rubber, prized for its resistance to temperature extremes and oils.