Chapter 3: Health Policymaking at the State and Local Levels and in the Private Sector

Vocabulary flashcards covering health policymaking structures and processes at the state, local, and private sector levels as described in Chapter 3.

Federal Republic

A country, such as the United States, with distinct national and state powers and rights.

republican

A type of democratic government in which the head of state is not a monarch; governmental positions, activities, and affairs are open to all interested citizens.

state executives

Officials in the executive branch of state government, such as the governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general.

state legislature

The legislative body of a US state, also called the general assembly or legislative assembly, which serves as the main lawmaking body.

Commonwealth Care

A health insurance program in Massachusetts that provides subsidized coverage for individuals whose income is below $300$ percent of the federal poverty level.

MassHealth

The Massachusetts program formed by expanding Medicaid and merging it with the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

CORE team

The Connecticut Opioid Response team, a partnership among academic, medical, and public health organizations that addresses the opioid crisis using evidence-based strategies.

Tenth Amendment

The US Constitutional amendment stating that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

insurance exchange

A federal subsidy–eligible set of standardized healthcare plans regulated by the state from which individuals and small businesses may purchase health insurance.

Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs)

Networks of healthcare providers in Oregon that integrate physical, mental, and dental care to manage health conditions and improve quality of care.

Good Food, Healthy Hospitals (GFHH)

A Philadelphia initiative that encourages hospitals to adopt food and beverage standards for patients, staff, and visitors.

Diabetes Prevention Nations Project

An organization that acts as an "umbrella hub" to help smaller tribes utilize communal resources to achieve CDC recognition for diabetes prevention programs.

democratic

Processes carried out in the representative tradition of government by the people, such as through free elections.

resolution

A proposal for a new law at the local government level, also referred to as a referral, ordinance, or bill.

ordinance

A local law or resolution that has been passed by a municipal or county governing body.

think tanks

Private research institutes, such as the RAND Corporation, that conduct research and analysis to improve and inform policymaking.

High-Deductible Health Plans (HDHPs)

Also known as consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs), these shift more costs to patients through increased deductibles to control healthcare spending.

Haven

An independent health company formed by Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway, and JPMorgan Chase that was later disbanded in early $2021$.

corporate America

An informal term for the corporations based and operating in the United States that are not under direct governmental control.

fast food

Ready-to-eat, inexpensive, often portable food criticized for being less healthy than homemade food and contributing to the obesity epidemic.

policy entrepreneurs

Public innovators who, from outside the formal positions of government, introduce, translate, and implement new ideas into public practice.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)

A federal law that can preempt state legislation, preventing states from requiring firms to offer insurance to their employees.