unit 2 parasites

what is the common name for Dirofilaria Immitis

what is its phylum

Heartworm

Nematode

what is the DH IH and PH of HW

dogs cats foxes and coyotes

Mosquitos

none

how do they get infected with HW

by getting bitten by an infected Mosquito

how is HW diagnosed what are the clinical signs

snap test Elisa test Knotts test, can only test if they are 6 months or older

fatigue, exercise intolerance, Coughing, heart murmur, Ascites, ataxia, CHF. Asthma sudden death in cats

what is the treatment for HW

is it Zoonotic

administer microfilaricide for 2-3 months, give tx of melarsomine to kill adult HWs rest dog for 4-6 weeks, give 2^nd tx to Melarsomine, run ELISA (SNAP) 4 months after treatment to make sure they are killed, check for Microfilariae 1 month and after 2^nd tx. No treatment is recommended in cats

yes

what is the common name for Acanthocheilonema reconditum

what is it phylum

Filarial Nematode (roundworm)

Nematode

what is the DH IH and PH of Filarial Nematode

dogs, foxes, wolves

flea, lice

none

How do they become infected with Filarial Nematode

when they ingest fleas or lice that carry the parasites infective larvae

how is Filarial Nematode diagnosed what are the clinical signs

Knotts, Microscope differentiation, PCR ,cytology

Most show no signs; can see the skin lesions and redness lethargic poor coats.

how is Filarial Nematode treated is is zoonotic

selamectin, imidacloprid, fipronil

no

what is the life cycle of Filarial Nematode

Adult worms live in the subcutaneous tissues/body tissues of dogs. Adult females produce microfilariae that circulate in the blood. A flea or louse takes a blood meal and picks up the microfilariae.Inside the insect, the microfilariae develop into infective L3 larvae. The infected flea/louse feeds on another dog.L3 larvae enter the dog through the bite wound.Larvae migrate and develop into adult worms.

what is the common name for Linognathis setosus

what is its phylum

dog sucking lice ling are anoplurans they feed on blood and tissue fluid

Arthropoda

what is the DH IH and PH of dog sucking lice

dogs

none

none

how is dog sucking lice diagnosed what are the clinical sings

By seeing them in their fur and skin, microscope

Seeing them scratching a lot, pruritic

what is the treatment for dog sucking lice is it zoonotic

Pyrethrins dogs only. Special shampoos

no

what is the life cycle of dog sucking lice

entire life cycle occurs on the animal from eggs to adult louse they can’t survive off host for more than 2-3 days.  Eggs- Nymph- Adult. More contagious in winter

what is the common name for Trichodecres Canis what is its phylum

chewing lice in dogs ; they are Mallophaga feed on skin scales debris hair.

Arthropoda

what is the DH IH and pH of dog chewing lice

dogs

none

none

how do they get infected with dog chewing lice

through direct physical contact or from contaminated objects

how is dog chewing lice diagnosed what are the clinical signs

Seeing them on their skin and fur, Microscope

Severe itching, hair loss, pruritic, biting

what is the treatment for dog chewing lice is it zoonotic

can use selamectin; fipronil can be used and insecticide shampoos and sprays

no but they can transmit tapeworms

what is the life cycle of dog chewing lice

Egg- Nymph- adult, they glue there eggs to the base of the hair shaft that you can see. Their entire life occurs on the animal from egg to adult. . Can’t survive off the host for more than 2-3 days

what is the common name for Felicola subrostratus what is its phylum

chewing cat lice

Arthropoda

What are the DH, IH and PH of chewing cat lice

cats

none

none

how do they become infected with chewing cat lice

through direct physical contact or from contaminated objects

how is chewing cat lice diagnosed what are the clinical signs

seeing them on their skin fur, Microscope

severe itching, hair loss, pruritic, biting

what is the treatment for chewing cat lice is it zoonotic

Fipronil or selamectin or approved shampoos and sprays

no

what is the life cycle of chewing cat lice

Egg- Nymph- adult, they glue there eggs to the base of the hair shaft that you can see. Their entire life occurs on the animal from egg to adult. Can’t survive off host for more than 2-3 days

what is Pthirus pubis

crabs in humans

what is the common name for Cheyletiella spp

what is its phylum

walking dandruff

Arthropoda

what is the DH IH and PH of walking dandruff

dogs, cats humans

none

none

how do they become infected with walking dandruff

by by direct contact or by shared brushes, bedding and attire

how is walking dandruff diagnosed what are the clinical signs

can physically see them, Cellophane tape on skin, skin scrape. Seborrhea with or without pruritus, pet owners may be pruritic

how is walking dandruff treated is it zoonotic

Selamectin, Ivermectin, Fipronil; dips are the only approved treatments like lime sulfur- Can use in cats and permethrin- DON’T USE IN CATS. Treat all animals in the house.

yes

what is the life cycle of walking dandruff

spend entire life on host egg, larva, nymph adult. Larvae and nymphs can live off host for 24 hours; adults can live off host for 10 days. NOT HOST SPECIFIC, VERY CONTAGIOUS, spread through direct contact or bedding and brushes

what is the common name for Otodectes Cynotis what is its phylum

ear mites in cats and dogs

Arthropoda

what is the DH, IH and PH

dogs, cats

none

none

how do they get infected with dog and cat ear mites

direct contact with infected animal. They feed on debris in eats and cause major hypersensitivity problems.

how is dog and cat eat mite diagnosed what are the clinical signs

ear cytology. pruritus, bloody, coffee-ground material from ears, Aural Hematomas can occur

what is the treatment for dog and cat ear mite is it zoonotic

clean ears, Ivermectin, selamectin, Milbemycin.

no

what is the life cycle of dog and cat ear mites

egg, larva, nymph, adult. Spend entire life cycle in ears but can be in other places, feed on epidermal debris; don’t pierce skin; can survive off host for weeks.

what is Psoroptes Cuniculi

ear mite of rabbit

what is Scarcoptes scabei

what is its phylum

Sarcoptic mange in dogs ( scabies)

Arthropoda

how are do they get infected with scabies

through direct contact

how is scabies diagnosed what are the clinical signs

skin scrape, biopsy

Very pruritic and contagious, erythema, alopecia. 2-6 weeks after exposure you will begin to see clinical signs.

what is the treatment for scabies is it zoonotic

labeled- Selamectin, lime sulfur dip, Fipronil. Not labeled- Ivermectin, Milbemycin oxime, Bravecto. If the skin scrape is neg we still treat because it is contagious to humans it is hard to get a pos skin scrape

yes

what is the life cycle of scabies

Pregnant, very young, and old, diabetic, immune suppressed are more susceptible. Has Egg, Larva, and nymph stage takes about 10-21 days to complete and occurs entirely on the host

what is Notoedres cati

scabies in cats

what is the common name fro Demodex what is its phylums

demodex

Arthropoda

how do they get infected with demodex

They are species-specific, like lice. Most common transmission is mom to pup, rare for animals to get as an adult. It is not considered contagious to other dogs or humans

how is demodex diagnosed what are the clinical signs

skin scrap.Erythema, alopecia around eyes and mouth, dry scaly skin, secondary bacterial infections

what is the treatment for Demodex is it zoonotic

lime sulfur, alternative- Ivermectin, moxidectin, Bravecto. Don’t use steroids  

no

what is the life cycle of Demodex

they have an egg, larva, nymph, and adult stage. Takes about 2-3 weeks from egg to adult

what is localized Demodectic mange

< 1 year of age expect German Shepards, found in small areas of skin not very pruritic, not related to an abnormal immune dysfunction. Pups can usually clear it on their own by 8 months of age

explain Juvenile onset

  less than 1 year of age onset. Inherited immunologic defect- T- cell deficiency. It is an inherited problem so don’t breed them. They do require treatment.

explain adult onset Demodicosis

> 1 year or older (almost always 8 years or more). Related to some other disease process that affects their immune system like diabetes, Cushing’s disease, or cancer. Need to treat underlying disease and then treat the demodex.

what is the common name of Demodex cati

what is its phylum

demodex in cats

Arthropoda

what is the DH,IH and PH of demodex cati

cats

none

none

how do they get infected with demodex cati

not contagious; can’t spread cat to cat. Dose not appear unless a cat is immunocompromised with FeLV/FIV/FIP, Diabetes, or pregnant

how is demodex cati diagnosed what are the clinical signs

skin scrap.

Alopecia with predilection for the face, external ear canals, bridge of nose, eyelids, and periocular skin.

what is the treatment for demodex cati is it zoonotic

no approved drugs; can use lime sulfur dip, selamectin, Ivermectin. Bravecto for cati not for Gatoi.

no

what is the life cycle of demodex cati

happens entirely on cat, has egg, larva, nymph, and adult stage takes about 14-21 days.

explain demodex gatoi

it is very contagious and affects cats and spread throguh direct contact

what is the common name for Cuterebra spp what is its phylum

Myiasis, Warble, flies. fly larvae are also called instars

Arthropoda

how do they get infected with Warble

by a fly laying an egg on its skin.

how is Warble diagnosed what are the clinical signs

remove larva and ID

SQ swelling, secondary bacterial skin infections, usually 1-3 Cuterebra per animal  

what is the treatment fo Warble is it zoonotic

Removal of larva, do not crush it. Anaphylactic reaction can occur

yes

what is the life cycle of Warble

adult fly deposits eggs on entrance of burrow, larvae hatch and penetrate skin of living animal, larva matures in 1 month, leave host once mature and pupates in soil.

what is the common name for Ctenocephalides felis what is its phylum

cat flea

Arthropoda

what is the DH IH and PH of cat flea

cats, dogs

none

none

what are the clinical signs or cat flea how is it diagnosed

pruritic, Alopecia, erythema, flea dirt, pale MM

seeing them, FAD, rule out other parasites

what is the treatment for cat feal is it zoonotic

Imidacloprid, Fipronil, Selamectin, Lufenuron, Spinosad, bravecto, simparica, nexgard

yes

what is the life cycle of cat flea

eggs, pupae, larvae, adults. No Nymph stage; the entire life cycle can occur in only 13 days or as long as 11 months. Eggs are laid on the host then drop off they must hatch within 10 days after being laid. Larva will only develop into viable pupae if only a certain environment is present

what is Xenopyslla choepis

oriental rate flea

carrier of the plaque

what is the common name for Mycoplasma haemofelis what is its phylum

Hemobartonella Felis

Proteobacteria

what is the DH IH and PH of Hemobartonella Felis

cats

none

none

what are the clinical signs of Hemobartonella Felis how is it diagnosed

no signs, pale MM, fever, splenomegaly, enlarged LNs, death. Much higher risk of severe clinical signs if cat has FeLV or FIV

blood smear. Small blue cocci are stuck to the outside of RBCs stain with Romanowsky type

what is the pathology of Hemobartonella Felis

Marks the RBCs as abnormal. Phagocytes and spleen destroy the cells causing anemia

what is the treatment for Hemobartonella Felis is it zoonotic

Tetracyclines, don’t usually clear infection even on medication

no

what is the life cycle of Hemobartonella Felis

spread by flea bites, blood transfusions, transplacental. Located in epicellular RBC ( Rickettsial parasite)

what is the common name for Ehrlichia spp what is its phylum

none

Pseudomonadota

what is the DH IH and Ph of Ehrlichia spp

Ticks

dogs

none

how do they get infected with Ehrlichia spp

getting bite by an infected tick

what are the clincial signs of Ehrlichia spp how is it diagnosed

Enlarged LN’s pale MM splenomegaly, and fever. Platelet count, antibody titers, ELISA antibody test

how is Ehrlichia spp treated is it zoonotic

- Tetracyclines

yes

what is the life cycle of Ehrlichia spp

An infected tick feeds on an animal and transmits Ehrlichia. The bacteria infect and multiply inside white blood cells, forming morulae. Another tick feeds on the infected animal and picks up the bacteria, continuing the cycle. The bacteria is located intraleukocytic, or macrophagocytic.

what is the common name for Rickettsia riskettsii what is its phylum

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Pseudomonadota

what is the DH and IH of rocky mountain spotted fever

tick

rodents dogs

how do they get infected with rocky moutain spotted fever

by a tick bite ( D. andersoni)

what are the clinical signs of rocky mountain fever how is it diagnosed

in people- Severe fever, non-pruritic spots leading to petechial and/or ecchymotic hemorrhages. In dogs- Fever, joint pain, muscle pain. Anorexia, depression, emesis

indirect Immunofluorescent assay ( IFA) or polymerase chain reaction ( PCR)

how is rocky mountain fever treated is it zoonotic

- doxycycline

yes

what is the pathology of rocky mountain fever

- Progressive necrotic vasculitis due to the parasite attacking the endothelial walls; thrombocytopenia.

what is the life cycle of rocky mountain fever

Ticks acquire the bacteria when feeding on the blood of an infected host. Once infected the tick remains infected as it molts and develops from larva to nymph to adult, passing the bacteria through each life stage. Females pass the bacteria directly to their eggs. The bacteria is transmitted through their saliva when they feed.

what is the common name for francisella tularenis

rabbits fever, tick fever

What does rabbit/ tick fever affect and what transmits it

rabbits hares squirrles

ticks the Dermacentor and Amblyomma spp

how do they get infected with rabbits fever

getting bite by an infected tick, ingestion of infected tissues water or food, inhalation

what are the clinical signs of rabbit fever how is it diagnosed

Pyrexia, anorexia, enlarged L.N., oral ulcer

ELISA, serologic testing, PCR, bacterial culture

how is rabbits fever treated is it zoonotic

tetracyclines

yes concern for bioterrorism

what is the common name for Borrelia burgdorferi

lyme disease

what is the reservior for Lyme disease what transmits it

rodents

transmitteby a tick with Ixodes spp