Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction, Moles, and Solutions

Vocabulary flashcards covering oxidation-reduction reactions, mole calculations, molar mass, solute hydration, and solution saturation types.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons by a reactant.

Reduction

The gain of electrons by a reactant.

Mole

A quantity of matter that contains Avogadro's number ($6.022 \times 10^{23}$) of molecules, formula units, or atoms, and has a mass in grams numerically equal to its atomic, molecular, or formula weight in amu.

Avogadro's Number

$6.022 \times 10^{23}$; the number of molecules, formula units, or atoms contained in one mole of a substance.

Molar Mass

A value that relates the mass of a pure substance to the quantity of moles of that substance, calculated using atomic weights and subscripts of the chemical formula.

Hydration of Ionic Solutes

The process in which ionic solutes dissociate into ions, which are then surrounded by water molecules.

Hydration of Molecular Solutes

The process in which molecular solutes remain intact when surrounded by water molecules.

Saturated Solution

A solution that has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that has greater than the maximum amount of solute that can normally be dissolved in a solvent.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent relative to its solubility.

Direction of Solvent Flow in Osmosis

Across a semipermeable membrane towards the side with the higher osmotic pressure.

Osmosis

The net movement of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane towards the side with higher solute concentration.

Semipermeable Membrane

A barrier that allows solvent molecules to pass through while preventing the passage of solute particles.

Osmotic Pressure

The pressure required to prevent the net flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution.