Black Civil Rights Leaders: John Hope Franklin and William Monroe Trotter

Vocabulary practice cards focusing on the key figures, publications, events, and legal milestones discussed in the lecture comparing the civil rights philosophies and contributions of John Hope Franklin and William Monroe Trotter.

Aurelia Franklin

A former North Carolina school teacher and homemaker who earned a master's degree in library science from Catholic University and was married to historian John Hope Franklin.

John Whittington Franklin

The son of John Hope Franklin and Aurelia Franklin, born in 1952.

John Hope Franklin

A prominent African American historian, graduate of Fisk University and Harvard University, author of 'From Slavery to Freedom', and advisor to four U.S. presidents who became the first Black historian to hold a professorship at Brooklyn College.

Ted Currier

A history professor and friend at Fisk University who paid the $500$ fee for John Hope Franklin to enroll at Harvard and inspired him to become a historian.

Fisk University

An early Black university founded in 1860 and formally established in 1862, where John Hope Franklin earned his undergraduate degree.

Brooklyn College

A predominantly white institution where John Hope Franklin was hired in 1956 to chair the department of history, marking the first time a Black historian held a professorship at such an institution.

Linda Bellens

The co-coordinator and host of the medical ethics radio series 'Do No Harm' and winner of a Gracie Allen Award who interviewed John Hope Franklin.

Jefferson Lecturer in the Humanities

A distinguished academic honor awarded to John Hope Franklin in 1976 as its fifth annual lecturer, leading to his presentations across Washington, D.C., Chicago, and San Francisco.

From Slavery to Freedom

John Hope Franklin's acclaimed historical publication that elevated scholarship, attention, and publicity surrounding chattel slavery.

Brown v. Board of Education

The landmark school desegregation legal battle where John Hope Franklin assisted Thurgood Marshall and NAACP attorneys by providing critical historical research and context.

William Monroe Trotter

A radical Black civil rights activist, Harvard graduate (class of 1895), and editor of 'The Guardian' who advocated for unrelenting agitation and direct confrontation rather than compromise.

The Guardian

A weekly Black newspaper founded in November 1901 by William Monroe Trotter that championed Black political power and operated until Trotter's death in 1934.

The Liberator

An early abolitionist newspaper whose former office space was later utilized by William Monroe Trotter to publish 'The Guardian'.

Niagara Movement

An early civil rights organization fostered by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter that demanded full civil and political equality for African Americans.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organization developed from the Niagara Movement that William Monroe Trotter broke away from due to its reliance on white leadership and gradualist methods.

The Crisis

The official publication of the NAACP, edited for many years by W.E.B. Du Bois to distribute news and analysis to a wide Black readership across the country.

Booker T. Washington

A conservative Black leader who promoted accommodation and compromise with white leadership and used white funding to buy out Black newspapers, drawing sharp opposition from William Monroe Trotter.

1903 Boston Meeting Confrontation

A public event where William Monroe Trotter confronted Booker T. Washington with pointed questions from the community, causing a disruption that led to Trotter's arrest and a 30-day jail term for disturbing the peace.

Woodrow Wilson

The Democratic U.S. President confronted directly in 1914 by William Monroe Trotter for betraying his Black supporters by enforcing segregationist and white supremacist federal policies.

The Birth of a Nation

A 1915 film featuring overt racial stereotypes and a positive portrayal of the Ku Klux Klan, which William Monroe Trotter campaigned heavily against through protests to get it censored or banned.

Thirteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that officially abolished slavery throughout the United States.

Fourteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment that established citizenship for persons born or naturalized in the United States and granted equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment designed to protect the voting rights of American citizens regardless of race.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court ruling that established and upheld the 'separate but equal' legal doctrine, facilitating state-sponsored segregation for decades.