Lab 4 Skeletal Muscle - Joints, Tendons, Ligaments

Where is the origin of a muscle?

on the more stable, proximal bone closer to the center of the body

Where is the insertion of a muscle?

a tendon attaches it to a moving bone that is further from the center of the body

origin

insertion

What are tendons?

• connective tissue attaching muscle to bone

• it pulls on the bone when a muscle contracts to move a joint

What are the roles of tendons?

• attach muscles to bones (and other structures like eyeballs)

• transmit tensile loads

• position of the muscle relative to the joint

What are ligaments?

• strong bands that connect bones to other bones at the joint

• are elastic to allow for movement of the joint but are strong enough to stop extra movement outside ROM

What are the roles of ligaments?

• assist in the stabilization of the joint

• restrict movement

• prevent excessive motion

What is articular cartilage?

a soft cushioning substance which covers the ends of the bones and acts as a shock absorber to reduce bones rubbing onto each other

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage

What are the roles of articular cartilage?

• provide a smooth lubricated surface for articulation (a joint)

• increase weight distribution

• shock absorption

What is an articulation?

a joint —> the point where two or more bones meet

What is the function of joints?

give skeleton mobility and hold it together

fibrous suture: synarthrotic joint (no movement) located between the bones of the skull, the edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at this suture

Atlanto-axial joint (Pivot-type joint)

Hip joint (Ball-and-socket-type joint)

Acromioclavicular joint (Plane-type joint)

Elbow joint (Hinge-type joint)

Carpometacarpal joint (Saddle-type joint)

Metacarpophalangeal joint (Condyloid-type joint)