Blood Glucose Analysis (Glucose Oxidase Method)

carbohydrate

: Glucose is the end product of _______ metabolism.

beta

Insulin is produced by the _______ cells of the Islets of Langerhans

oxidase

Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for glucose commonly use the glucose _______ principle.

H2O2

Glucose + O2 + H2O --(GOD)--> Glucuronic Acid + _______.

glucose

: Glucose oxidase (GOD) oxidizes _______. (Glucose Reaction Step 1)^[11]

Quinoneimine

2 H2O2 + 4-aminophenazone + Phenol --(POD)--> _______ + 4 H2O. (Glucose Reaction Step 2)

peroxidase

Hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminophenazone and phenol catalyzed by _______ (POD). (Glucose Reaction Step 2)

quinoneimine

Reaction produces a red-velvet _______ dye. (Glucose Reaction Step 2)

20

Macro method uses _______ µL of standard or sample and 2,000 µL of reagent.

10

Semi-micro method uses _______ µL of standard or sample and 1,000 µL of reagent.

5

Incubate for 10 minutes at 20–25°C or _______ minutes at 37°C.

60

Measure absorbance against reagent blank within _______ minutes.

100

Glucose C (mg/dL) = _______ × (Asample / Astandard).

5.55

Glucose C (mmol/L) = _______ × (Asample / Astandard).

75

Fasting serum and plasma glucose normal reference range is _______–115 mg/dL.

Type 1

Diabetes usually leads to absolute insulin deficiency

Type 2

Diabetes occurs on a background of insulin resistance

Glycohemoglobin

forms when glucose attaches to the N-terminal of the beta chain of hemoglobin.

HbA1c

serves as an indicator of long-term metabolic control in diabetic patients.

HbA0

refers to non-glycosylated hemoglobin and makes up the bulk of hemoglobin

cation

Method uses a weak-binding _______-exchange resin to separate glycohemoglobin.

Borate ion

help eliminate the labile Schiff’sbase during hemolysis.

5

Mix hemolysate for _______ minutes with cation-exchange resin

resin

During incubation, HbA0 binds to the _______.

1

Rubber sleeve of the resin separator should be approximately _______ cm above the liquid level.

415

Read absorbance of the supernatant against water at _______ nm or 405 nm using a mercury lamp.

distilled

For total hemoglobin determination, add 5.0 mL _______ water to 20 µL of hemolysate.

AHbA1 standard

Standard factor calculation: F = (A total standard × %HbA1 standard) / _______.

A total HbA1 sample

Sample percentage calculation: %HbA1 sample = F × (AHbA1 sample / _______)

6

Normal value for HbA1c is less than _______%

red

HbA1c reflects blood glucose control over the previous couple of months, approximately the lifespan of _______ blood cells.