Anatomy Quiz 2 - Integumentary system

Two types of skin glands

Sudorferious (sweat)

Sebaceous (oil)

Two types of sudoriferous glands

Eccrine - entire body, highest density on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead

Apocrine - in armpit and genital areas

How many sudoriferous glands on your body?

More than 2.5 million

Describe eccrine sweat

99% water with trace amounts of salt, vitamins, waste, and microbial peptide called dermcidin. sweat is generally acidic.

What peptide is in eccrine sweat?

Dermcidin

Describe apocrine sweat

Contains all the components of traditional sweat plus lipids and proteins, making it cloudy and viscous. Bacteria breakdown, the fat and proteins, releasing body odor. More bacteria = stronger odor. Increased production during puberty

Characteristics of sebaceous glands

Produce sebum

Densest glands on the scalp and face, none on the palms or soles of feet

Amount of oil produced is based on inheritance, but usually increases during puberty

What are hair and nails made of?

Keratin

Functions of hair

Keeps in body heat

Protects from UV radiation

Alerts us to insects

Eyelashes protect the eyes

Nose hair prevents the entry of foreign objects

Part of the hair that sticks out

Shaft

Protection of the shaft

Cuticle

Where is the hair follicle located?

Dermis

Where do hair cells divide? What are they filled with?

The hair bulb. The cells are filled with keratin and pigments

They attach to the base of hair follicles

Arrector Pili muscles

“Goosebumps” scientific name? What does it release?

Piloerection. Causes the nervous system to release norepinephrine.

How is the texture of hair (curly, straight, etc) determined?

Shape of the hair follicle

How long does the typical hair growth cycle last?

3-7 years

What determines how long your hair can grow?

The length of the anagen phase

Hair growth growth phase

Anagen, 2-6 years

Hair growth transition phase

Catagen, 1-2 weeks

Hair growth Resting phase

Telogen, 2-4 months

What is an ingrown hair?

A hair that has grown back into your skin after shaving, tweezing, or waxing.

4 basic parts of the nail

Free edge, body, root, nail bed

How are nails formed?

The nail matrix produces heavily keratinized cells, which become the nail body.

What are the nails protected by?

protected on 3 sides by Nail folds

Lunula

“Little moon”, wider due to thickness of nail

What is the Eponychium

Cuticle

What can nails indicate for doctors?

Health issues like low iron, also blood flow assessment

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration on the skin, lips, or nail beds

Pallor

A pale or whitish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of blood flow