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Wilhelm Wundt

First person referred to as a psychologist and founder of psychology as a science.

Structuralism

A psychological approach developed by Edward Titchener focusing on the contents of mental processes.

Introspection

A method used by Wundt to examine one's own conscious experience as objectively as possible.

Functionalism

A psychological perspective established by William James that studies the function of behavior in the world.

Sigmund Freud

Influential figure in psychology known for developing psychoanalytic theory and emphasizing the unconscious mind.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Focuses on the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior.

Gestalt Psychology

A perspective emphasizing that the whole of sensory experience is greater than the sum of its parts.

Behaviorism

A psychological approach that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process studied by Ivan Pavlov where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflexive response.

B.F

A behaviorist known for his work on operant conditioning and the development of the Skinner box.

Humanism

A psychological perspective emphasizing the inherent goodness and potential for personal growth in all humans.

Abraham Maslow

Psychologist known for proposing a hierarchy of human needs motivating behavior.

Carl Rogers

Developed client-centered therapy, emphasizing unconditional positive regard and empathy in therapeutic settings.

Cognitive Revolution

A shift in psychology that re-focused attention on mental processes and the mind, emerging in the 1950s.

Noam Chomsky

Influential linguist who criticized behaviorism and advocated for the inclusion of mental functioning in psychology.

Feminist Psychology

A movement aimed at addressing biases in psychology and highlighting women's contributions to the field.

Multicultural Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies the impact of culture on individuals and groups.

Mamie and Kenneth Clark

Psychologists known for their research on racial identity in children, influencing the Brown v. Board of Education case.

Margaret Floy Washburn

First woman awarded a PhD in psychology, known for her work in comparative psychology.

Mary Whiton Calkins

Completed PhD requirements but was denied the degree due to her gender; known for her research on memory.