Mid-Term Sociological Perspectives Review

Chapter 1-6, 11, & 12 examples from chapter notes

Functionalism

A society is a relatively integrated whole.

Functionalism

A society tends to seek relative stability.

Functionalism

Most aspects of a society contribute to the society’s well-being and survival.

Functionalism

Society rests on the consensus of its members.

Functionalism

Survey- EX. A questionnaire on violence in high schools is sent to a national, random sample of principals. The survey examines a possible relationship between incidence of school violence and level of school funding.

Functionalism

Stresses how socialization contributes to a stable society- EX. Network television programs encourage social integration by exposing the entire society to shared beliefs, values, and norms.

Functionalism

Role- EX> Social integration is promoted by culturally defined rights and obligations honored by group members.

Functionalism

S3x Norms- EX. Children are taught that s3xual activity should be reserved for married couples.

Functionalism

Tracking- EX. Schools shape the occupational future of children by placing them in educational programs based on test scores and early school performance.

Functionalism

A family teaches the basic skills and culture everyone needs to function within society

Functionalism

The Olympics is an event meant to unify nations together to appreciate high preforming athletes.

Functionalism

War disrupts peace in society.

Conflict Perspective

A society experiences inconsistency and conflict everywhere.

Conflict Perspective

A society is continually subjected to change.

Conflict Perspective

A society involves the constraint and coercion of some members by others.

Conflict Perspective

Case Study- EX. A particular high school with low funding is studied with respect to a relationship between school, violence and school funding. Researchers interview administrators, teachers, and students.

Conflict Perspective

Views socialization as a way for the powerful to keep things the same- EX. Newspaper owners and editors exercise power by setting the political agenda for a community.

Conflict Perspective

Ascribed Master Status- EX. Ascribed master statues such as gender and race empower some to subjugate others.

Conflict Perspective

Male Dominance- Husbands use their economic power to control the ways money is spent.

Conflict Perspective

Merticracy- EX> Students attending better schools have an occupational advantage over students from poorer schools.

Conflict Perspective

The Olympics is a battle for physical dominance and wealth between nations.

Conflict Perspective

War is violent and a competition for wealth and status.

Symbolic Interaction

People’s interpretations of symbols are based on the meaning they learn from others.

Symbolic Interaction

People base their interaction on their interpretations of symbols.

Symbolic Interaction

Symbols permit people to have internal conversations. Thus, they can gear their interaction to the behavior that they think others expect of them and the behavior they expect of others.

Symbolic Interaction

Participant Observation- EX. Concealing her identity, a researcher takes a temporary job at a high school with low funding. She attempts to observe covertly, a possible link between school violence and school funding,

Symbolic Interaction

Holds that socialization is the major determinant of human nature- EX> Through words and pictures, children’s books expose the young to the meaning of love, manners, and motherhood.

Symbolic Interaction

Social Interaction- EX. Roles are carried out by individuals on the basis of the symbols and meanings they share.

Symbolic Interaction

Developing Self-esteem- EX. A child abused by her parents learns to dislike herself.

Symbolic Interaction

Hidden Curriculum- EX. Schools teach children the values of conformity and achievement.

Symbolic Interaction

Olympics shows the different ways each nation celebrates and roots for their teams and how they behave towards each other

Symbolic Interaction

War has symbols…Tea is a symbol of the British colonization on countries all over the world