AP axis specification

Polarized microtubules carry _____ to the anterior and ____ to the posterior

bicoid, oskar

oskar is anchored to the posterior cell membrane and traps _____

nanos

____ and ____ prevent transcription of nanos

Smaug and CUP

bicoid prevents transcription of _____

caudal

nanos prevents transcription of ___

hunchback

High bic + Hb =

Gt

High Hb -| ___

Gt

Hb -| __ __

Kr, Kni

cau = ___ ___

Kni, Gt

How can we get sharp, alternating stripes of expression without pre-existing stripes to define them?

Primary (eve) and secondary (ftz) pair-rule genes are expressed in complementary patterns

because ______

they have opposing ‘recipes’, and then because primary pair-rule genes

repress secondary pair-rule genes

Wingless is the ortholog of ____, armadillo is the ortholog of _____

Wnt, Beta-catenin

Segment polarity genes ___ and ___ induced by _____

wingless, engrailed

homeotic genes repressed by all other homeotic genes ____ to them

Posterior

misexpression of Antp =

legs where antennae should be

misexpression of Ubx

two thorax segments, 2 pairs of wings