val ed but it's a cram sess

Critical appraisal

Careful assessment of both strengths and limitations

Moral conduct

Behavior that reflects moral values.

Role modeling

Teaching values by demonstrating them through one's own behavior.

Babaylan

Women leaders in Philippine history, as mentioned in Group 3

Excessive competition

Competing mainly for money or personal advantage instead of contributing to society.

Upanishads and Vedas

Ancient Indian texts referenced as sources of moral teachings.

Pitri devo bhava

Respect the father as God

Matri devo bhava

Respect the mother as God.

Acharya devo bhava

Respect the teacher as God

Dharma

Duty and morality

Artha

Wealth and material needs

Kama

Happiness and fulfillment of desires

Moksha

Spiritual freedom and self-realization

A teacher demonstrates honesty instead of only lecturing

Role modeling

Specific lessons focused directly on values

Direct approach

Values taught through ordinary subjects and activities

Indirect approach.

Family, community, and media influence values informally

Informal approach

Observing people who demonstrate good values

Modeling approach

Socrates

The presentation connects knowledge with virtue. Knowing what is right should influence how a person acts

Aristotle

The presentation emphasizes living well, not merely living a long life

Disrespect

Disregarding other people's dignity, opinions, or rights

Moral reasoning

Thinking through why an action is right or wrong, using principles, duties, effects, and fairness.

Moral judgment

The conclusion a person reaches about whether an action is right or wrong.

Morality

Beliefs and standards about right and wrong conduct

Inculcation of educational values

Repeated practice and reinforcement of values so they become part of everyday conduct.

Ethical reasoning

Using principles and evidence to evaluate choices and their likely consequences.

Equity

Fairness that takes differing needs and barriers into account

Pre-conventional Stage 1

Obedience and punishment

Pre-conventional Stage 2

Self-interest / individual exchange

Conventional Stage 3

Good interpersonal relationships

Conventional Stage 4

Maintaining social order

Post-conventional Stage 5

Social contract and individual rights

Post-conventional Stage 6

Universal ethical principles