AP United States History - Unit 2 Review Guide

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key terms, historical events, and concepts from AP United States History Unit 2.

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic flow of goods, people, and germs that began after Columbus reached the New World, which altered millions of years of evolution and decimated the Native population due to exposure to unfamiliar diseases.

native americans did not have immunity to these diseases causing them to die

The Plantation System

An agricultural enterprise, especially prominent in the Chesapeake, that brought together large numbers of workers (enslaved people) under the control of a single owner, creating self-sufficient units that produced needed goods and resulting in a dispersed society with few towns and little social unity.

plantation located near bodies of water bc of trade (to get goods from point a to b)

Cash Crops

Agricultural production focused on growing a single crop for the purpose of making a profit.

crops are the baseline of the plantation system

Navigation Acts

Measures enacted as part of the British policy of mercantilism requiring the colonies to provide the mother country with resources, which led to colonial resentment.

reinforced english power

mercitism; empire with more wealth has more power

imperial structure of colonies bc English has power

Mercantilism

The economic policy and doctrine asserting that the empire with the most wealth possesses the most power.

Foundation of the Pennsylvania Colony

Colony established in 1681 by William Penn as a 'holy experiment' with no established church; it attracted immigrants from throughout Western Europe with job opportunities and inexpensive land, appealing especially to non-first-born sons.

no established church or religion

Primogeniture

A legal custom under which the oldest male heir inherited all the family wealth.

Bacon's Rebellion

A violent uprising in which indentured servants fought Native Americans for land after the governor refused to remove them; fear of continued conflict led to an accelerated shift to enslaved labor on tobacco plantations.

King Philip's War

A conflict in which an alliance of Native Americans launched attacks on New Englanders encroaching on their lands; the Wampanoags were defeated after the Mohawks joined the colonists.

connected with the pueblo revolt war bc they were both revolts led by natives against the english settlers

The Pueblo Revolt

A complete victory by Pueblo Native Americans over the Spanish in which colonists and Franciscan missionaries were killed, temporarily driving the Spanish colonists out of New Mexico.

connected with king Philips war bc they were both revolts led by natives against the english settlers

Atlantic Slave Trade

A regularized business between 1450 and 1800 in which European merchants, African traders, and American planters bargained over human lives to secure profits, making slavery central to Atlantic commerce by the 18th century.

shift from dentures servitude to slavery

rate of trade becomes to increase

The Middle Passage

The transatlantic voyage that transported 12 million enslaved people across the Atlantic, of which only 5% went to British colonies, ultimately replacing indigenous and indentured labor with enslaved African workers.

Slave Culture in the Colonies

Colonial societal conditions characterized by a growing divide between White and Black populations, particularly in South Carolina, Georgia, and the Chesapeake.

The Stono Rebellion

An uprising by enslaved men in South Carolina that claimed the lives of more than two dozen whites and up to 200 enslaved people, prompting a severe tightening of the slave code and widespread panic regarding future rebellions.