Anti-viral, Cardiovascular, Respiratory

Asthmas definitions

• reversible airway obstruction with inflammation

• decreased expiratory airflow

Triggers of asthma

Stress, exercise, allergies

Asthma symptoms

shortness of breath, wheezing

Drug choice for acute attack of asthma

fast-acting B2-agonist inhaler

What is COPD?

chronic inflammation of airways

What does COPD include?

• chronic bronchitis

• emphysema

What is COPD associated with?

smoking

Adrenergic Agonists (B2- agonists)

• stimulate B2 receptors in lungs

• causes bronchodilation

Advantages of adrenergic agonists include

• quick onset

• low toxicity

What do long-acting agonists have?

a black box warning

What are corticosteroids effective for?

Long-term treatment for mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthma

What are side effects of corticosteroids?

Candidiasis

What should you do after using corticosteroids?

rinse mouth with water after inhaler use

Leukotriene Modifiers

synthesized by enzyme 5-lipoxygenase

What does Cromolyn do?

prevents antigen-induced histamine release

What is Cromolyn use for?

for prophylaxis of asthma, not useful during acute attacks

What does Cromolyn no have?

bronchodilator activity

What does theophylline and erythormycin do?

toxicity levels increase in theophylline

What does nasal decongestants do?

dry up secretions

What is the function of nasal decongestants?

promote removal of mucus/exudate from respiratory passages

About 10% of the population has respiratory disease

Patient stress should be minimized

Patients with asthma should avoid aspirin

some medications cause xerostomia

What causes xerostomia?

anticholinergic effects

What does nystatin treat?

candidiasis and prevention of candidasis

What does acyclovir treat?

herpes

What patients cannot use metronidazole?

children or pregnant women

Antiinfective agents

destroy or act against infections

antibacterial agents

destroy or suppress bacterial growth

Antibiotics

produced by microorganisms and destroy or inhibit growth of other microorganisms

Antimicrobial agents

destroy or suppress microorganisms

Antifungal agents

destroy or suppress fungi

Antiviral agents

destroy or suppress viruses

Bactericidal

kills bacteria

Bacteriostatic

slows or inhibits bacterial growth

Alkylating agents

create DNA cross-links, prevents replication

Plant alkaloids

inhibit mitosis and cell division

Hormonal agents

block hormone-driven tumor growth

Antimetabolites

mimic natural compounds, block DNA synthesis

Antitumor antibiotics

intercalate into DNA, causes strand breaks

What is Benzodiazepine?

a CNS depressant

What does Benzodiazepines do?

enhance GABA activity

What is Benzodiazepines pregnancy risk?

associated with Floppy Infant Syndrome

Benzodiazepines naming pattern?

ends in -am

Barbiturates

higher dose= greater CNS depression

Chephalosporins

“expensive cousin of penicillin”

What can tetracyclines do?

• bind to calcium

• decrease bone growth rate

What are tetracyclines?

bacteriostatic

When should you avoid tetracyclines?

during pregnancy or childhood tooth development

Major side effect of Clindamycin?

C. difficile infection

Tuberculosis drugs?

• Isoniazid

• Rifampin

• Pyrazinamide

• Ethambutol

When do antimetabolites work?

during S phase

What should you do before starting chemotherapy?

eliminate/treat infection

andrenicorticosteroids

treatment for inflammation

Addisons disease

deficiency of cortisol (Addison’s=adds), delayed healing

Cushing syndrome

too much cortisol, high BP

What do proton pump inhibitors PPI do?

potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion in healing ulcers

What do antacids do?

partially neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach

What does sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminum and magnesium salts do?

neutralize gastric acidW

What organism is related to ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

What can help cure ulcers?

antibiotics, h2-blocker, or PPI

Hypertension

the silent killerc

Cardiovascular contraindications

• unstable angina

• uncontrolled heart failure

• uncontrolled arrythmias

• uncontrolled hypertension

Diuretics

• loop

• potassium-sparing

Furosemide

most common used loop diuretic

ACE inhibitors

-pril

What is a side effect of ACE?

Dysgusia

B-blocks

-olol

Calcium channel side effects?

gingival enlargement

Calcium channel blocking agents

-dipine

Common CCBs?

• verapamil

• nifedipine

• diltiazem

Statins endings?

-statins

What are ACE inhibitors for?

hypertension and heart failure

What are B-blockers for?

reducing heart rate and blood pressure

What are CCBs for?

hypertension and angina

What are diuretics for?

fluid management

What are anticoagulants?

Warfarin to prevent blood clots

What are statins for?

lowering cholesterol levels