section 5.2

Moore’s law

Refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months.

sustainable, or green, MIS

Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.

corporate social responsibility

Companies’ acknowledged responsibility to society.

clean computing

Refers to the environmentally responsible use, manufacture, and disposal of technology products and computer equipment.

green personal computer (green PC)

A computer built using environmentally friendly materials and designed to save energy.

E-waste

Refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices.

sustainable MIS disposal

Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle.

upcycle

Reuses or refurbishes e-waste and creates a new product.

energy consumption

The amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems.

carbon emissions

Includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere produced by business processes and systems.

grid computing

A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem.

smart grid

Delivers electricity using two-way digital technology.

virtualization

Creates multiple virtual machines on a single computing device.

network virtualization

Combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent channels that can be assigned in real time to a specific device.

server virtualization

Combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications.

storage virtualization

Combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device.

system virtualization

The ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers (‘virtual machines’), each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system.

data center

A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.

cloud computing

Stores, manages, and processes data and applications over the Internet rather than on a personal computer or server.

single-tenancy

Each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system.

multi-tenancy

A single instance of a system serves multiple customers.

noisy neighbor

Refers to a multi-tenancy co-tenant that monopolizes bandwidth, servers, CPUs, and other resources that cause network performance issues.

public cloud

Promotes massive, global, industrywide applications offered to the general public.

private cloud

Serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer’s premises or off the customer’s premises.

community cloud

Serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations.

hybrid cloud

Includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portability.

utility computing

Offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

The delivery of computer hardware capability, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, as a service.

dynamic scaling

Means that the MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on needed requirements.

Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS)

Offers backup services that use cloud resources to protect applications and data from disruption caused by disaster.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Delivers applications over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model.

Data as a Service (DaaS)

Facilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely, secure, and affordable manner.

Security as a Service (SaaS)

Involves applications such as antivirus software delivered over the Internet with constant virus definition updates that are not reliant on user compliance.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Supports the deployment of entire systems, including hardware, networking, and applications, using a pay-per-use revenue model.

Big Data as a Service (BDaaS)

Offers a cloud-based big data service to help organizations analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas.