Theology II Midterm (Dr. Kimble, Cedarville University)

Theology

Simply: The study of God.

Deeper: Disciplined reflection on God's self-revelation for the purpose of knowing and loving God and participating in His mission in this world.

Exegesis

Careful reading. Looking at what the text actually says and what the author meant by what they said.

Different types of theology

Biblical Theology: Understanding the worldview of the authors and each part in light of the whole

Historical Theology: Looking into the historical development of doctrine and how ideas have been shaped over time.

Systematic Theology: Any study that answers the question, "what does the whole Bible teach us today."

Practical Theology: The branch of Christian theology that focuses on the everyday or modern-day implications of Christian theological beliefs

Christology

The study of Christ

Pneumatology

The study of the Holy Spirit

Soteriology

The study of salvation

Adamic Covenant

Genesis 2:16-17

Noahic Covenant

Genesis 9:9-11

Abrahamic Covenant

Genesis 12;15;17;22

Mosaic Covenant

Exodus 19-20

Davidic Covenant

2 Samuel 7:1-17

New Covenant

Jeremiah 31:31-34; Ez. 36:25-27

Incarnation verses

John 1:1-14; Philippians 2:5-11

Virgin birth verses

Isaiah 7:14

Arianism

There was a time when Christ was not; taught that Christ was the best and first of all created beings; used passages like Col 1:15 to support

Apollonarianism

In the incarnation, the son took a human body but not a human soul or mind

Docetism

Denied the reality of Jesus' body, as well as his sufferings and his death; Jesus only appeared to be human

Ebionism

Denied the essential deity of Jesus. He was a prophet, but not the pre existent son of God; did not accept Jesus' divinity due to commitment to monotheism

Monophysitism (Eutychianism)

A heresy arising in the fifth century that claimed there is only one nature in the Person of Christ, his human nature having been incorporated into his divine nature

Nestorianism

early heresy in the Church that held Christ was two distinct persons (a human and a divine)

Council of Nicea

Refuted Arianism, asserted that Christ is of the same substance as the Father; and is eternal and is God; 325

Council of Constantinople

Refuted Apollonarianism, saying that Christ is fully God and fully man; 381

Council of Ephesus

Refuted Nestorianism, Stating that Jesus was one person with two natures; emphasized the unity of Christ's personhood;431

Council of Chalcedon

Refutes all heresies, Concluded that God is one being, existing in three persons, and Jesus is one person with two natures; 451

Key text for order of salvation

Romans 8:28-30

Jesus divinity

Claims equality with God. Others attribute divinity to him. Performs miracles.

Propitiation

satisfaction of divine wrath by means of a substitute

Reconciliation

greek root to change or to exchange; idea that developed is to exchange enmity for friendship

Redemption

Someone enslaved is liberated by the payment of a price (a ransom).

Foreknowledge

To know beforehand; God knows us before creation.

Predestination

To determine beforehand; the decision of God to glorify his name by redeeming sinners and conforming them to the image of His son.

Election

To choose or decide. A heavily debated topic about who is elect. According to the Bible, that's not the point. The point is that we are elect if we are saved, and that is awesome.

Calling

Universal call (everyone) v effectual call (elect). The work of the spirit that draws one to salvation.

Regeneration

New birth; the idea of being born again.

Conversion

A single act of turning away from sin in repentance and turning to Christ in faith.

Faith

Human response to God's grace

-Knowledge (awareness of and assent to facts about the gospel)

-Approval (joy in and love for the truth)

-Trust (personal confidence)

Repentance

A heartfelt sorrow for sin, a renouncing of it, and a sincere commitment to forsake it and walk in obedience to Christ

-Intellectual understanding that sin is wrong

-Emotional approval of teachings of scripture (sorrow over sin and hatred for it)

-Personal decision to turn from it and obey Christ

Justification

A legal act that means that we are declared not guilty, we stand righteous before God, and this is due to our union with Christ; the work of Christ for us; a single act that liberates us from the penalty of sin.

Adoption

God makes us members of his family.

Sanctification

The work of Christ in us; the process by which we are liberated from the power of sin

Perseverance

True christians persevere.

Apostasy

The idea that people can lose their salvation and fall away from the faith.

Glorification

The final complete transformation of our total being, the end process of salvation.

Classical Atonement

Talks about the idea of Christ's victory over Satan; one of the earliest theories of atonement; views Christ as a ransom payed to Satan.

Subjective Atonement

The idea is that the cross changes how we respond subjectively to God; proposes Christs death as an example for us and denies the need for God to be satisfied.

Objective Atonement

The idea that atonement made an objective change in our condition before God; Christ's death changes things between us and God relationally;

Anselm

-Humanity owes a debt to God that no flawed human could pay; feels that sin is a slight against God's honor

The Reformers

-Agrees but says that sin is a slight against God's law and justice; **also called the penal substitutionary view or vicarious atonement**

-Most common

Holy Spirit indwelling

Think temple

Spirit dwells individually and corporately in believers, empowering us for holy living.

The Spirit in creation

Genesis 1:2, Psalm 33:6

Which Gospels show Jesus being led into the wilderness?

Matthew, Mark, and Luke

How do we know Christ is divine?

-John 1:1-3,14

-Colossians 2:9-10

-John 14:8-11

-John 17:5

Mind, Will, and Emotions corresponding passages?

Mind - 1 Corinthians 2:10-13

Will - 1 Corinthians 12:11

Emotion - Ephesians 4:11

Difference in Spiritual gifts between OT and NT

OT - Enabling of people to do outstanding feats (interpreting dreams, extraordinary strength, etc).

NT - Jesus is the bearer of the Spirit. Because of Him, the spirit can now live in us and guide us in a new way.