BSC 1025 Exam 2 Study Guide: Carbohydrates & Lipids
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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapters 5 and 6 of the BSC 1025 Exam 2 Study Guide.
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15 Terms
Monosaccharide
A simple sugar consisting of a single sugar molecule, serving as a fundamental unit of carbohydrates.
Polysaccharide
A complex carbohydrate composed of multiple linked monosaccharide units.
Simple Sugar
A carbohydrate category consisting of single or double sugar units that are easily processed by the body.
Complex Sugar
A carbohydrate composed of long chains of simple sugar units (polysaccharides) with distinct structural differences from simple sugars.
Fiber
A non-digestible plant carbohydrate essential in nutrition, existing in distinct types with different biological functions.
Insulin
A hormone responsible for carbohydrate regulation that acts to reduce blood sugar levels in the body.
Glucagon
A regulatory hormone that acts to increase blood sugar levels when glucose levels drop.
Saturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid with no double bonds in its carbon chain, fully saturated with hydrogen atoms, influencing its physical structure and melting point.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid containing a single double bond within its carbon chain structure.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid containing two or more double bonds along its carbon chain.
Omega 3 (n-3) Fatty Acid
An essential polyunsaturated fatty acid characterized by a double bond at the third carbon atom from the methyl end.
Omega 6 (n-6) Fatty Acid
A polyunsaturated fatty acid characterized by a double bond located at the sixth carbon atom from the methyl end.
Hydrogenated Oils
Oils that have undergone chemical addition of hydrogen to alter their double bonds, structure, degree of saturation, and physical properties.
Phospholipids
A class of lipids containing both water-soluble and fat-soluble components, found in human body membranes and dietary sources.
Sterols
A major class of lipids that perform essential structural and regulatory functions in the human body.