LESSON 1: THE WILL: ITS EXISTENCE, NATURE, AND OBJECT

THE WILL

THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO MAKE CHOICES AND DECISIONS AND ACT OF THEM

THE WILL

ALLOWS US TO CHOOSE WHAT WE WANT TO DO AND DECIDE WHETHER TO ACT ON IT

THE WILL

FACULTY OF MIND THAT’S ALLEGED TO STIMULATE MOTIVATION OF PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITY

THE WILL

MENTAL ABILITY THAT MOTIVATED US TO MAKE DECISIONS AND TAKE ACTION TOWARD A GOAL

PLATO, ARISTOTLE, AQUINAS, DESCARTES, & KANT

DEFINED THE WILL IS A PERSONAL FACULTY OR FUNCTION

PLATO, ARISTOTLE, AQUINAS, DESCARTES, & KANT

DEFINED WILL AS AN ABILITY WITHIN A PERSON THAT HELPS THEM CHOOSE, DECIDE, AND ACT

SPINOZA, LEIBNIZ, & HUME

DEFINED WILL AS AN EXTERNALIZED RESULT OF THE INTERACTION OF CONFLICTING ELEMENTS

SPINOZA, LEIBNIZ, & HUME

DEFINED THAT THE WILL COMES FROM DIFFERENT THOUGHTS, DESIRES, FEELINGS, OR MOTIVES INTERACTING, AND INFLUENCING A PERSON’S DECISION

SELF

CONTROL

RESPONSE

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR IS CONDITIONED (FEAR OF PUNISHMENT), NOT RATIONAL SELF

SELF CONTROL

ABILITY TO MANAGE YOUR THOUGHTS, EMOTIONS, DESIRES, AND ACTIONS INSTEAD OF ACTING ON EVERY IMPULSE.

OBJECTION

TRAINED ANIMALS SHOW SELF

SENSORY DESIRES

WANTS OF CRAVINGS THAT COME FROM OUR SENSES AND PHYSICAL NEEDS, SUCH AS WANTING SOMETHING TASTY, COMFORTABLE, OR PLEASURABLE

SPONTANEOUS ATTENTION

HAPPENS NATURALLY

SPONTANEOUS ATTENTION

E.G. WATCHING AN EXCITING

SPONTANEOUS ATTENTION

WHEN YOUR ATTENTION IS NATURALLY DRAWN TO SOMETHING WITHOUT DELIBERATELY TRYING TO FOCUS ON IT

VOLUNTARY ATTENTION

REQUIRES EFFORT AND DECISION

VOLUNTARY ATTENTION

E.G. FOCUSING ON A BORING BUT IMPORTANT LECTURE

VOLUNTARY ATTENTION

WHEN YOU DELIBERATELY CHOOSE TO FOCUS YOUR ATTENTION ON SOMETHING

THE WILL

A TENDENCY TOWARD AN INTELLECTUALLY KNOWN GOOD

THE WILL

UNLIKE SENSE APPETITE, _______ IS NOT BOUND BY

IMMEDIATE SENSORY OBJECTS

THE WILL

ANYTHING PERCEIVED AS "GOOD" (AN OBJECT, ACTION, OR IDEA CAN BE THE OBJECT OF ______

THE WILL

NATURALLY DRAWN TO THE GOOD

THE WILL

FACULTY OF THE MIND THAT MOTIVATES PURPOSEFUL ACTIONS

HUMAN FREEDOM

ABILITY OF A PERSON TO CHOOSE AND ACT FREELY RATHER THAN SIMPLY BEING CONTROLLED BY IMPULSES, DESIRES, OR OUTSIDE FORCES

NO CHOICE

IF GOOD WERE ABSOLUTE AND UNQUALIFIED, THE WILL WOULD HAVE ____________; IT WOULD BE FORCED

FORCED

IF GOOD WERE ABSOLUTE AND UNQUALIFIED, THE WILL WOULD HAVE NO CHOICE; IT WOULD BE __________

GOODS

LIMITED, CONDITIONAL, AND MIXED

GOOD

NO SINGLE ______ CAN FULLY COMPEL THE WILL

GOOD

FOUNDATION OF HUMAN FREEDOM

MORAL FAILURE

HAPPENS WHEN WE CHOOSE A "GOOD

FREEDOM

INVOLVES THE ABILITY TO DELIBERATE, REFLECT, AND CHOOSE AMONG VARIED, LIMITED GOODS.

HUMAN ACTS

ACTIONS THAT A PERSON DOES KNOWINGLY, FREELY, AND WILLINGLY

HUMAN ACTS

THERE’S STIMULI

HUMAN ACTS

VOLUNTARY

HUMAN ACTS

INVOLVES THINKING AND CHOOSING BEFORE ACTING

ACTS OF MAN

ACTIONS THAT HAPPEN WITHOUT CONSCIOUS KNOWLEDGE OR FREE CHOICE

ACTS OF MAN

AUTOMATIC, INVOLUNTARY, OR NATURAL ACTIONS

IGNORANCE,

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

IGNORANCE

LACK OR ABSENCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN A PERSON CAPABLE OF KNOWING A CERTAIN THING OR THINGS.

INVISIBLE IGNORANCE

NOT KNOWING SOMETHING WITHOUT REALIZING THAT YOU DON’T KNOW IT.

VISIBLE IGNORANCE

KNOWING OR REALIZING THAT YOU DON’T KNOW SOMETHING

FEAR

AN EMOTION CAUSED BY THE FEELING THAT SOMETHING IS DANGEROUS, THREATENING, OR HARMFUL.

GRAVE FEAR

VERY STRONG FEAR THAT GREATLY AFFECTS A PERSON’S ABILITY TO THINK OR CHOOSE FREELY.

SLIGHT FEAR

MILD OR MANAGEABLE FEAR THAT DOES NOT GREATLY AFFECT YOUR ABILITY TO THINK OR CHOOSE.

CONCUPISCENCE

PASSION

PASSION

STRONG EMOTIONS OR FEELINGS.

PASSION

A MOVEMENT OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE WHICH IS PRODUCED BY GOOD OR EVIL AS

APPREHENDED BY THE MIND.

VIOLENCE

EXTERNAL FORCE COMPELLING ACTION AGAINST ONE’S WILL

VIOLENCE

USING PHYSICAL FORCE OR THREATS TO MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING AGAINST THEIR WILL.

HABIT

AN ACTION OR BEHAVIOR THAT IS REPEATED SO OFTEN THAT IT BECOMES AUTOMATIC OR DIFFICULT TO STOP.

OBJECT, END, CIRCUMSTANCE

THREE MORAL DETERMINANTS

OBJECT

WHAT IS DONE (THE ACT ITSELF

END (INTENTION)

WHY IT IS DONE (THE MOTIVE)

CIRCUMSTANCE

THE SITUATION (WHO, WHEN, WHERE, HOW)

OBJECT

THE ACT ITSELF (E.G, MURDER = TAKING INNOCENT LIFE)

OBJECT

ROOTED IN ETERNAL LAW; UNIVERSAL, UNCHANGEABLE TRUTH.

INTENTION (THE END)

THE PURPOSE OR MOTIVE BEHIND THE ACT.

INTENTION (THE END)

A GOOD INTENTION DOES NOT MAKE AN EVIL ACT GOOD

INTENTION (THE END)

"THE END DOES NOT JUSTIFY THE MEANS."

INTENTION (THE END)

MUST ALIGN WITH NATURAL LAW, CONSCIENCE, AND REVEALED TRUTH