Unit 3 APUSH

Social Change (1754-1800)

Abolition of aristocratic titles, separation of church and state, slavery stronger than ever in South and declining in the North

Political Change (1754-1800)

Development of political parties: Democratic-Republican vs Federalists

Cultural Change (1754-1800)

Originally based on British origin but gradually developing distinctive identity

Indian Intercourse Act

Federal government in control over all legal actions with Natives

Eli Whitney’s cotton gin

Machine to faster process cotton, King Cotton, increased enslaved labor (expansion)

Election of 1800

Burr vs Jefferson (tied), went into House of Rep, Jefferson won

Revolution of 1800

Peaceful change between political parties

Louisiana Purchase

Purchase of Lousiana Western land, bought from France (Napoleon), strengthened view of Jefferson

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Congress funded scientific exploration of trans-Mississippi west, greater knowledge, more accurate maps

Aaron Burr

Wasn’t elected for president so he threatened to break up Union, killed Alexander Hamilton

John Marshall

Federalist chief justice of Supreme Court, fought with Jefferson

Marbury v. Madison

Law was decided unconstitutional by Marshall, Supreme Court could decide if act of Congress/president was allowed by constitution (judicial review)

Fletcher v. Peck

land fraud in Georgia, first time declaring state law unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established national supremacy over state laws that affirmed that Congress possess implied powers

Gibbons v. Ogden

Congress gained exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce

Era of Good Feelings

Monroe’s presidency, marked with nationalism and optimism, sense of unity and harmony was misleading

James Monroe

Represented growing nationalism of the people, got Florida, Monroe Doctrine

Economic Nationalism

Tariff of 1816 that protected U.S manufacturers during war, American System, 2nd Bank of America,

Henry Clay’s American System

protective tariffs, internal improvements(roads and canals), national bank

Second Bank of the United States

Run by Biddle, accused of abusing power for the wealthy, taken down by Jackson

Panic of 1819

tried to control inflation from unemployment and bankruptcy, people questioning political beliefs

Missouri Compromise

Missouri wanted to be a slave state so Maine became a free state to balance the power in the House of Rep.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to Union vs loyalty to one’s own region

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy

Foreign minister in Europe, difficulties abroad

Barbary Pirates

Fought sporadically for 4 years, gained respect and measure of protection

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Leopold (GB) fired at Chesapeake(U.S.) caused anti- British feeling and want for war

Embargo Act

Prohibited American ships from sailing to any foreign port, tried to make GB suffer(fail), hurt the economy

Madison’s Foreign Policy

Brought U.S into Napoleonic Wars, restored trade with France and GB, France continued violating U.S neutrality

Nonintercourse Act of 1809

Americans can trade with all nations except France and GB, end of economic hardship

The War of 1812-causes

Violation of neutrality rights, Troubles with GB on western frontier

The Treaty of Ghent

tired of fighting, stalemate, territory returned and boundary between Canada and U.S.

The Hartford Convention

New England states threatened to withdraw from Union, thought constitution should be amended to 2/3 vote for war, weakened Federalists

The War of 1812-legacy

gained respect for surviving 2 wars with GB, nationalism grew, Canada seen as GB empire, NA surrender to settlers after abandonment from GB

Monroe’s Foreign Policy

More aggressive nationalistic approach,

Florida Purchase Treaty

Spain turned over all possessions in Florida and claims in Oregon Territory for 5 mil and Texas

The Monroe Doctrine

In the rights and interests of U.S. South America are free and independent, can’t be taken over by European colonization

Market Revolution

“Industrial Revolution”, Inventions of roads, telegraph, railroads, cotton, raising of capital

Agricultural Revolution

Improvements in technology for farming, faster shipping from railroads, corn and wheat are very profitable

Transportation Revolution

Development of roads, canals, and railroads

Communication Revolution

Invention of the telegraph, connect directly with people

Interchangeable parts

Identical components that can be assembled to form a product

Factory system

Copied British model, designs to create textile factory

Lowell textile mills

employed young women to help with the labor shortages for the factories

Effects of the Market Revolution on Women

Employment limited to domestic service and teaching and most were single, legal restrictions remained, marriages less decided by parents

Immigration 1830-1860

Resulted from development of cheap fast travel, famines and revolutions in Europe, reputation for having economic opportunities and political freedom

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Negotiation of labor contracts, established 10 hour workday

Universal White Male Suffrage

All whites males could vote and hold office regardless of class and property ownership

Spoils System

Replacing government jobs for political loyalty,

Rotation in Office

Limit to 1 term, no man was better than the rest

Andrew Jackson

President, Age of the Common Man, violent

Election of 1824 “corrupt bargain”

Adams and Clay worked together against Jackson to put Adams in office

Revolution of 1828

Jackson used accusations at Adams for campaigning, became man of west/South to win

Indian Removal Act

Moved and resettled Native Americans because that is what the people wanted

Worcester v. Georgia

Georgia laws have no right to force Cherokee westward, they are a sovereign nation

Trail of Tears

Walk with 4,000 deaths of the Cherokee forced to move westward

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina wanted to nullify the Tariff of Abominations for their economy, Jackson was against this and sent military to collect taxes, Clay created Tariff of 1833 to help both sides

Webster-Hayne Debate

Resolution to the Nullification Crisis by the Tariff of 1832, forbidding state collection of taxes

Bank Veto/Bank of the United States

Jackson believed bank was unconstitutional because it was abusing power for the wealthy, Jackson vetoed against Clay for the rechartering of the bank

Democrats v. Whigs

Whigs: Henry Clay, Federalist Democrats: Jackson, Democratic-Republicans

Specie Circular

All future purchases of lands made in gold and silver, land sales plummeted and bank notes lost value

Martin Van Buren

President, Jackson’s VP who helped get Van Buren into office, Panic of 1837

Panic of 1837

Financial crisis from not rechartering the 2nd Bank of America

“Log cabin and hard cider” campaign

Harrison’s campaign to favor to the everyday person who lives in a log cabin and drinks the Common Man drink of hard cider, Harrison actually grew up wealthy