competition

Protection of consumers

Ensuring the safety and rights of consumers in the marketplace.

Fair competition in fair trade market

Promoting equal opportunities for businesses and preventing monopolistic practices.

Article 101

Prohibiting agreements, decisions, and concerted practices that restrict competition.

Undertakings

Legal entities involved in economic activities.

Concerted practice

Collusion between undertakings to manipulate the market.

Object or effect of restricting competition

Actions that limit competition in the market.

Block exemptions

Exceptions to competition rules for specific activities like research and development.

Article 102

Addressing market dominance and abusive practices by dominant companies.

Market dominance

Having a significant share of a market that allows influencing prices and choices.

Abuse of that position

Unfair practices by dominant companies like price manipulation or discrimination.

Effect on trade between MSs

Impact on trade between Member States within the European Union.