Rules of Noon Sakinah & Tanween

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, rules, letters, and classifications of Noon Sakinah and Tanween as presented in the Tajweed lecture notes.

Noon Sakinah

The noon which is free from the three vowels (sakina) either when carrying on reading or when you stop; it is written and pronounced in nouns, verbs, prepositions, and articles.

Tanween

An added extra Noon Sakinah at the end of a word that is pronounced but not written as noon; it is constant in continuous reading but not in stopping and comes only in nouns except for specific exceptions.

Ith’har Halqi (Linguistic)

Clear and obvious.

Ith’har Halqi (Expression)

Pronouncing the letter from its articulation point without a prolonged nasal tone; it involves clarifying the noon or tanween before one of the six throat letters.

Idghaam (Linguistic)

Merging something into something else.

Idghaam (Expression)

Merging of a non-voweled letter into a voweled one so that they become doubled (mushaded) as the same second letter.

Complete Idgham (Idgham Kamil)

A type of merging where the letter itself ($ن$) and its characteristic (the ghunna) are gone.

Incomplete Idgham (Idgham Naqis)

The cancelling of the mouth component of the Noon Sakina while the nasal characteristic remains.

Iqlaab (General)

To change or convert.

Iqlaab (Applied)

Changing the noon sakina or Tanween into a hidden meem ($م$) with long ghunnah when followed by the letter ب.

Ikhfaa Al-haqiqi

Pronouncing the noon sakina or Tanween in a way between Ith’har and idgham, keeping the nasal sound (ghunna) but without pressure.

Ghunnah

A nasal sound held for approximately two counts; it can be light or heavy depending on the letter following it.

Letters of Ith’har Halqi

The six throat letters: ء, ه, ع, ح, غ, and خ.

Letters of Idghaam

The six letters contained in the word يَرَمَلَونَ ($يرملون$).

Letter of Iqlab

The letter الباء ($ب$).

Letters of Ikhfaa

The 15 letters remaining after the letters of Ith'har, Idgham, and Iqlab are excluded (ت, ث, ج, د, ذ, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ف, ق, ك).

Madd Iwad

Compensation madd used when stopping on a tanween with fatiha, where the tanween is changed to Alif Maad.

Mushaded

A letter that is doubled as a result of merging a non-voweled letter into a voweled one.

Taa Tanith

A voweled letter that, when stopping, is exchanged with a silent haa ($ه$), such as in the word زكاة.

Ranking of Ikhfaa: Highest

Occurs with the letters ط, ت, and د because their articulation point is close to the articulation point of the noon sakina.

Ranking of Ikhfaa: Lowest

Occurs with the letters ق and ك because their articulation point is not close to the noon sakina.