Protein Synthesis - Gene Expression

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, enzymes, and structures involved in gene expression and the steps of transcription from the lecture notes.

Gene expression

The process of using a gene to synthesize a protein.

One gene = one polypeptide

The principle that the information stored in a single gene codes for the production of one polypeptide.

Transcription

The process of copying DNA into single-stranded messenger RNA ($\text{mRNA}$) so that genetic information can safely leave the nucleus.

RNA polymerase

The enzyme that causes DNA to open up and inserts RNA nucleotides during transcription.

Introns

Intervening segments of mRNA that are removed during RNA processing.

Exons

Segments of mRNA that remain and get expressed after RNA processing.

Nuclear pore

An opening in the nuclear membrane through which processed mRNA leaves the nucleus to travel to the ribosome.

Ribosome

The cellular structure composed of ribosomal RNA ($\text{rRNA}$) and proteins where mRNA heads for protein synthesis.

Nucleolus

The region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made.