(B1) Feline And Canine Female Reproductive Disorders

define Metritis

Inflammation of the uterus

what is it

ovary

what is it

uterine horn

what is it

mesometrium

what is it

vagina

what is it

oviduct

what is it

uterine body

what is it

cervix

what is it

vulva

what causes metritis (3)

1. Suppression of function

2. Estrus

3. Can also occur post delivery, especially with prolonged deliveries/dystocias

metritis can become — if untreated

pyometra

clinical signs of metritis (10)

1. Lethargy

2. PU/PD

3. Vomiting

4. Inappetence

5. Fever

6. Tachycardia

7. tachypnea

8. Vaginal discharge (can vary in colour, light brown - green)

9. Hungry offspring

10. +/- distended abdomen, will feel dough-like

how to diagnose metritis (4)

1. CBC

2. UA

3. Imaging

4. Biopsy

how to treat metritis (3)

1. IV fluids

2. Antibiotics

3. Prostaglandins or oxytocin

how to prevent metritis

OVH

define pyo-

purulent

define metra

uterus

define pyometra

purulent uterine infection

what causes pyometra (1 + 3ish)

1. Introduction of bacteria into the uterus

2. Elevated Progesterone → endometrial gland changes (thickening and increased secretions) + reduced uterine contractions

what animals are susceptible to pyometra

1. unspayed

2. greater than 6 yrs old

3. Bacteria enters within 60 days of the last estrus cycle

4. uterine stump

clinical signs of pyometra (general) (11)

1. Lethargy

2. Inappetence

3. PU/PD

4. leads to dehydration

5. Vomiting

6. diarrhea

7. Pale mm

8. Abdominal pain

9. abdominal enlargement

10. ± discharge

11. MEDICAL EMERGENCY!

clinical signs of open pyometra (11)

1. bloody discharge from the vulva

2. Purulent discharge from the vulva

3. Fever

4. Lethargy

5. Anorexia

6. Depression

7. Increased thirst

8. Increased urination

define Purulent

containing, consisting of, or discharging pus

clinical signs of closed pyometra (11)

1. no discharge

2. Rapid onset of clinical signs

3. Anorexia

4. Vomiting

5. Depressed

6. Diarrhea

7. Sepsis

8. Enlarged abdomen

9. soft abdomen

10. EMERGENCY!

how to diagnose pyometra

1. Estrus cycle timing

2. Animals that clean their hind end excessively

3. CBC

4. Chemistry

5. UA

6. RBCs in urine

7. WBCs in urine

8. bacteria in urine

9. ↓ SG if there is damage to the kidneys

10. Radiographs

11. ultrasound

12. Need to rule out pregnancy

13. Vaginal cytology

how to treat pyometra

1. ovariohysterectomy

2. prostaglandins

how to prevent pyometra

ovariohysterectomy

define dys

difficult

define -ocia

labor

define dystocia

difficult labor

how to cause maternal dystocia (4)

1. Uterine Inertia

2. Small Birth Canal

3. Previous dystocia

4. Prolonged labour

how to cause fetal dystocia (4)

1. Large fetus

2. Malpresentation

3. Abnormal positioning

4. Too many fetuses

what are clinical signs for dystocia (6)

1. No fetus produced within ~4 hours after labor begins

2. 1–2 hours between offspring

3. Strong contractions with no progress

4. Excessive pain/vocalization

5. Abnormal/green discharge

6. Dam becoming exhausted

how to diagnose dystocia

1. When did labor begin?

2. How many delivered?

3. How many expected?

4. Vaginal examination

5. Presentation/position

6. x-ray

7. ultrasound

how to treat dystocia (8)

1. Stabilize

2. Perform exam/imaging

3. Oxytocin

4. Manual assistance

5. C-section

6. ovariohysterectomy

7. Monitor for infection or wound problems

8. Neonatal care

how to prevent dystocia (2)

1. Challenging to prevent.

2. Proper breeding management

should drop ~ —℃ about 24-48 hours before labour begins

1

what is the normal heart rate for neonatals

greater than 200 bpm

what is the normal respiratory rate for neonates (range)

15 - 35 rpm

what is the normal USG (range)

1.005 - 1.020

what age do puppies normally start walking

10 days

what age do kittens normally start walking

3 weeks

how long does it take for the suckle reflex to dissapear

3 weeks

what are some concerning signs in neonatals (9)

1. Limp

2. inactive

3. Hypothermic

4. Constant crying

5. Poor suckle

6. Abnormal MM

7. Weight loss

8. Diarrhea

9. dehydration

what is the normal temp for neonatals (range)

35 - 37.2 °C

puppies should gain — – — g/day/kg of expected adult weight

2 - 4

puppies should gain — – — g/day/kg of expected adult weight

10 - 15

what are 3 of the biggest challenges for neonates are:

1. hypothermia

2. hypoglycemia

3. dehydration

what causes mammary tumors

unknown

—% of dogs are benign mammory tumors

50

—% of dogs are malignant mammory tumors

50

—% of cats are benign mammory tumors (range)

10 - 20 %

—% of cats are malignant mammory tumors (range)

80 - 90 %

where are malignant mammary tumors found (4)

1. lymph nodes

2. lungs

3. skeletal system

4. structures in the abdomen

what (VERY GENERAL) age range of animals are sussceptible to mammary tumors

Middle-aged to older animals

clinical signs of mammary tumors (3)

1. Enlargement of mammary gland(s)

2. Edema

3. pain

in mammory tumors ; Smaller tumour = — prognosis

better

how to diagnose mammary tumors (5)

1. CBC

2. Increased WBC

3. Decreased PLT count

4. imaging

5. histology

vaginitis is common in — dogs

prepuberal

what is the Most common sign of vaginitis

vaginal discharge

how to treat vaginitis (2)

1. antibiotics

2. self-limiting after first estrous cycle

what causes vaginitis in adults (6)

1. anatomical abnormalities

2. bacterial infection

3. trauma

4. chemical irritations.

5. canine herpes virus

define Pseudopregnancy

Exaggeration of normal hormones during the estrus cycle in dogs who aren’t pregnant

clinical signs of Pseudopregnancy (7)

1. decreased levels of progesterone

2. increased prolactin

3. weight gain

4. mammary gland enlargement

5. lactation

6. mucoid vaginal discharge.

7. mothering type behaviours to stuffed animals

Pseudopregnancy Develop about — - — weeks after estrus cycle

6 - 12 weeks

how long does pseudopregnancy last (range)

1 - 3 weeks