Quiz 4 Study

Do you think genetic drift would happen more quickly on an island or on the mainland?

An island

In what levels are cats and dogs considered to be part of the same group?

• Order: Carnivora

• Class: Mammaila

• Phylum: Chordata

• Kingdom: Animalia

Lamprey, Fish, Lizard, Rabbit, and Human. Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair?

Rabbit and Human

Which evolved first: hair or the amniotic egg?

The amniotic egg evolved before hair.

What was Lamarck's, Wallace's ,and Darwin's contribution to evolutionary theory?

• Lamarck = Acquired Traits

• Wallace = Natural Selection

• Darwin = Natural Selection + Extensive Evidence

What are the major lines of evidence for evolution?

Fossils, anatomy, embryology, molecular biology, biogeography, and observed evolutionary.

How does the fossil record contribute to our understanding of evolution?

The fossil record provides a historical record of life and shows that the organisms have changed over many generations.

What is the basic unit of evolution?

Population

Describe the agents of microevolution.

• Mutation

• Natural Selection

• Genetic Drift

• Gene Flow

• Nonrandom Mating

Describe the three modes of natural selection.

• Directional = one extreme

• Stabilizing = middle

• Disruptive = both extreme

How Do Environmental Changes Affect a Population?

Can change which traits are advantageous.

How Can Frequency of Alleles Be Calculated?

Count the copies of an allele and divide by the total number of alleles.

What is fitness?

Relative ability to survive and reproduce successfully in its enviroment.

What is the correct order of taxonomic categories from least inclusive to most inclusive?

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

In an organism's binomial scientific name, the first of the two names is what taxonomical category?

Genus

How can biotechnology influence evolution in the human population?

• Genetic Engineering/Gene Editing

• Medicine

• Assisted Reproductive Technologies

• Genetic Testing

Prokaryotes were the first…

forms of life to arise on Earth.

Prokaryotes outnumber…

eukaryotes on Earth

The evolution of eukaryotic cells and the diversity that resulted is represented by…

The amazing variations in structure and function found in protists.

Earth was formed…

4.6 billion years ago

According to one hypothesis for the origin of life, the first organisms were products of chemical evolution in four stages:

1. the synthesis of small organic molecules, such as amino acids and nucleotide monomers;

2. the joining of these small molecules into macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids;

3. the packaging of all these molecules into pre-cells, droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different from the surroundings; and

4. the origin of self-replicating molecules that eventually made inheritance possible.

Prokaryotic cells lack a…

Membrane-enclosed nucleus, membrane-enclosed organelles, typically have cell walls exterior to their plasma membranes, and display a remarkable range of diversity.

Prokaryotes also form our…

Microbiota