Interphase

Interphase

The period when the cell grows, performs normal functions, and prepares for division. It consists of G1, S, and G2.

Gap 1

The cell grows, carries out normal cellular functions, and produces proteins and organelles.

Synthesis

The cell replicates its DNA, producing duplicated chromosomes consisting of sister chromatids.

Gap 2

The cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division, including making proteins needed for mitosis.

Mitotic Phase

The phase in which nuclear division and usually cytokinesis occur. It includes mitosis and cytokinesis.

G1 Checkpoint

Evaluates cell size, nutrients, growth factors, and DNA integrity before committing to copy DNA

S Checkpoint

• Verifies that all DNA was accurately and fully replicated without damage before allowing the cell to enter mitosis.

• monitors DNA for damage and errors while replication is actively happening, whereas the

G2 Checkpoint

acts as a final quality control check to ensure all DNA was fully and accurately copied before the cell begins to divide.