WWI & Roaring 20s Quiz 2- American History

Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy supporting democratic nations; replaced Dollar Diplomacy and led to major US military interventions in Latin America

moral diplomacy

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare (Feb 1917) and the interception of the Zimmerman Telegram (Jan 1917)

US entry into WWI (primary triggers)

an economic arrangement where US banks loaned money to Germany so Germany could pay WWI reparations to Britain and France

The Dawes Plan (1924)

constitutional amendment passed in 1919 and ratified in 1920 granting women the right to vote across the United States

19th amendment (1920)

high-profile Tennessee trial testing a ban on teaching evolution; highlighted the national clash between Christian fundamentalism and modern science

scopes 'monkey' trial (1925)

nativist law restricting annual immigration to a 2% quota based on the 1890 census, favoring Northern/Western Europeans and banning Asian immigration

immigration act of 1924 (Johnson Reed Act)

largest armed labor uprising in US history where 10,000-15,000 West Virginia coal miners fought armed guards and police for union recognition

battle of blair mountain (1921)

legislation establishing nationwide Prohibition (1919-1933), banning the manufacture, sale, and transport of intoxicating liquors

volstead act & 18th amendment

white mob attack destroying the prosperous Black district of Greenwood ('Black Wall Street'), leaving 150-300 dead and thousands homeless

tulsa race massacre (1921)

pioneer of modern Public Relations who used psychological tactics to engineer mass consent, including public smoking campaigns like 'Torches of Freedom'

Edward Bernays

a nationwide organization with 3 to 8 million members that targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and foreign immigrants

second Ku Klux Klan (1920s)

modification adding 'of the United States of America' to foster national identity and assimilate new immigrants

revised Pledge of Allegiance (1924)

young Vietnamese nationalist who petitioned President Wilson at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference for Vietnamese independence, but was ignored

Ho Chi Minh at Versailles

government agency led by George Creel that used posters, speeches, and media propaganda to gain American public support for WWI

committee on Public Information (CPI)

socialist leader imprisoned under the Espionage Act who ran for US president in 1920 from federal prison, receiving nearly 1 million votes

Eugene v. Debs

President Wilson's peace plan for advocating free trade, self-determination, and the creation of the League of Nations

14 points

WWI law prohibiting 'disloyal, profane, or abusive language' against the US government, flag, military, or war effort

sedition act of 1918

proposed constitutional amendment written by Alice Paul in 1921 seeking complete legal equality regardless of sex

equal rights amendment (ERA)

agricultural overproduction, extreme wealth inequality, unregulated stock market speculation, and heavy consumer debt

economic causes of the Great Depression

Supreme Court decision establishing that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' to national security is not protected by the 1st amendment

Schenck v. United States (1919)

post WWI period of anti-communist hysteria leading to illegal government roundups and deportations of thousands of suspected radicals without warrants

first red scare & palmer raids

a secret 1917 German proposal offering Mexico military support to reclaim US territory if Mexico joined WWI against the US

zimmerman telegram

American banks led by J.P. Morgan loaned over $14 billion to Allied nations, making an Allied victory essential for repayment

US WWI financial stake

D.W. Griffith film that glorified the Ku Klux Klan, promoted white supremacy, and directly inspired the revival of the 2nd KKK

the birth of a nation (1915)

WWI law making it illegal to obstruct military recruitment, incite disloyalty, or use the postal service to mail anti-war material

espionage act of 1917

The government agency created to build public support for WWI using posters and speakers was the

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

In 1919, the Supreme Court established the "clear and present danger" standard for free speech in

Schenck v. United States

The legislation that set a 2% quota based on the 1890 census to limit immigration was the

1924 Immigration Act (Johnson-Reed Act)

The 1925 trial over teaching evolution in public schools was the

Scopes Trial

The Socialist Party leader who ran for president from prison in 1920 was

Eugene Debs

What pushed the US to declare war on Germany in April 1917?

Germany's re-declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram

How did the Sedition Act of 1918 expand upon the Espionage Act of 1917?

it made it illegal to use "disloyal or abusive language" about the US government, flag, or military

What inspired the resurgence of the 2nd Ku Klux Klan in the 1910s and 1920s?

the screening of The Birth of a Nation at the White House and growing post-war nativism

Why was Prohibition (18th Amendment) repealed in 1933?

to raise government tax revenue, create jobs, and cut law enforcement costs during the Great Depression

What was the purpose of the 1924 Dawes Plan?

to cycle US bank loans to Germany so Germany could pay reparations to Britain and France, who then repaid war debts to the US

How did the US government restrict civil liberties on the home front during World War I?

During World War I, the federal government limited civil liberties by passing the Espionage and Sedition Acts to criminalize anti-war dissent, a practice upheld by the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States under the "clear and present danger" standard

Explain how post-WWI fears contributed to nativism and immigration restrictions in the 1920s

Post-war fears of radicalism during the First Red Scare fueled widespread nativism, leading Congress to pass the 1924 Immigration Act to set strict quotas against Southern and Eastern Europeans and ban Asian immigration

How did cultural tensions between traditional values and modern ideas manifest during the 1920s?

Cultural tensions between traditional religious values and modern scientific ideas reached a national audience during the 1925 Scopes Trial over the teaching of evolution

Describe the nature of racial and labor unrest in the immediate post-WWI era

Post-WWI racial and economic unrest triggered violent widespread conflict, exemplified by the 1921 destruction of Greenwood during the Tulsa Race Massacre and armed labor disputes like the Battle of Blair Mountain