nutrition test 4

Describe some aspects of a nutrition care plan

Food delivery, food education, and coordination.

define a regular diet

contains all foods and a standard balance of nutrients

define a therapeutic diet

aka “modified diet”; diet modified to meet a specific nutritional need

define administrative dietitian

manages a food service system

define clinical dietitian

provides direct patient care

define selective menu

list of foods that meets patients’ needs and allows them to choose

define diet manual

book that describes all foods allowed for a particular diet

define diet order

physicians written order for a diet

define NPO

nothing by mouth

define diagnosis

disease the person has

define prognosis

predicted outcome of the disease

communication technique

GOING OVER IN CLASS

define medical records

continuous written record of patient’s statistics/information

food borne illnesses are often caused by?

cross contamination or temperature abuse

what is cross contamination?

allowing the bacteria in raw meat to contact other foods/utensils which are then not properly cooked or cleaned before eating/using

what organism is associated with the disease E. coli infection?

Escherichia coli

what are main sources of E. coli infection?

Undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk and juices, raw fruits and vegetables, contaminated water.

what organism is associated with Gastroenteritis

Norwalk virus (Norovirus)

what are the main sources of Norwalk virus (Norovirus)?

Person-to-person contact, raw foods, salads, sandwiches

what organism is associated with Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A virus

what are the main sources of Hepatitis A?

undercooked or raw shellfish

what organism is associated with Listeriosis?

Listeria monocytogenes

what are the main sources of Listeriosis?

Unpasteurized milk, fresh soft cheeses, lunch meats, hot dogs

what organism is associated with Salmonellosis?

Salmonella

what are the main sources of Salmonellosis?

Raw or undercooked eggs, meat, poultry, raw milk and dairy products

what organism is associated with Botulism?

Clostridium botulinum

what are the main sources of Botulism?

Improperly canned, low-acid foods (green beans, corn, peppers, soups, etc.

what are the types of drugs?

prescription and over the counter (OTC)

why do prescription drugs require more permission from a Dr?

prescriptions have more side effects or are for a specific disease

T/F: OTC are safe for most everyone and treat mild problems

True

After ____ years a patent expires, and generics can be produced.

20 years

Can generics be identical to bran drugs?

No, can be similar

list some medicine risks

Side effects, interactions with other drugs or foods, dosing errors

Diuretics deplete vitamin ___?

K

Tetracycline inhibits __ absorption?

Ca

Mineral oil (laxative) depletes ___ ___ vitamins?

fat soluble

T/F: Nutrients can alter drug activity

True

large doses of vitamin K can interfere with _____?

anticoagulants

What juice interferes with metabolism of certain medications

grapefruit

discuss herbal products

few have been appropriately tested. Most make unfounded claims, many contain contaminants, labels are allowed to make practically any claim except that it cures a disease

___ ___ is considered nutraceuticals

herbal products

medical treatments are based upon an understanding of the body’s ____ and ____? Also supported by extensive trials.

physiology and biochemistry

t/f: Complimentary or alternative medicine are based off the person’s body and go through extensive trials

False

complementary medicine is?

using traditional medicine with medical

alternative medicine is?

when used in place of traditional medicine

list some reasons why CAM appears to work

• misdiagnosis by the CAM practitioner

• person’s own immune system healed them or put them in remission

• previous medical treatment or medicine took a while to take effect

• placebo effect because they believe, or CAM practitioners spend more time with them which increases good feelings

list some hazards of CAM

• Toxicities

• interactions between them

• no studies have been done on children

• often delay the patient from seeking real treatment then they are worse or incurable

• there is rampant misdiagnosis by CAM practitioners

• injuries

• disabilities

• death

define complete formula

all nutrient needs

define intact formula

has whole proteins

define hydrolyzed formula

broken down

define tube feeding

complete formula through a tube

define nasogastric

tube through nose into stomach

define nasoduodenal

tube through nose into duodenum

define gastrostomy

forming external opening for permanent feeding tube in stomach

is feeding through the stomach or intestine preferred?

stomach (gastric)

following severe stress, the small intestine activity resumes quicker than ____?

gastric

t/f: gastric feedings increase aspiration P. risk

True

define aspiration pneumonia

formula reflux from the stomach into esophagus and patient aspirates into lungs, nasoduodenal (less risk)

define bolus feeding

300-400 mL in 10 min. rapid

define intermittent feeding

250-400 mL over 30 min

define continuous drip feeding

slowly over 8-24 hours

define gastric residual

Remaining liquid in stomach after a feeding

define PKU

phenylalanine cannot be converted to tyrosine. 1/10,000 newborns, diet for PKU excludes high protein foods, formula (Phe free) protein, vitamins, minerals

define galactosemia

missing enzyme to convert galactose to glucose