Comp Gov't - Inter/Supranational Organizations

International organizations

community; work together toward a common goal without giving up total sovereignty (not logally binding to follow org policies)

Supranational organizations

“above all states”; give up soverignty (legally binding to follow); countries are members and the org is the “big brother” monitoring all of them

Eg international orgs

IMF, World Bank, UN

Eg supranational

ECOWAS, EU, WTO

IMF

achieve sustainable economic growth, secure economic prosperity, increase global trade

short term stimulate econ relief (e.g. France)

World Bank

1) IBRD (Int’l Bank for Reconstruction Dev") - provide products/policy advice to dec. poverty and inc. sustainable growth

2) IDA (Int’l Development Assoc.) - provides grants/loans to low-income countries

WTO (World Trade Org)

use trade to inc. living standards, better jobs, sustainable growth/dev

Difference between IMF and World Bank

• IMF - immediate econ stimulation

• World Bank - active efforts to REFORM econ after it’s on it’s feet

Schuman Declaration

1951 - 6 orig countries cooperate on coal/steel

Treaty of Rome

1957 - est. common market and framework for future integration of member states’ full econs

“baby EU”

Denmark, UK, Ireland join

1979

Treaty of Maastricht

expand beyond econ to est. European citizenship, cooperation in foreign policy and justice, and est common econ policy

“adolescent EU”

Euro currency launched

2002

France and Denmark reject EU Constitution

2005

Treaty of Lisbon

simplified decision making, gave more power to some EU instutitions, CONTROVERSIAL

seen as “backdoor constitution” after Fr+Den rejection

Brexit and referendum

2016-2020

European Council

“Super Executive”

group of 27 head of states from ea. country

sets EU agenda (basic outline)

European Commission

“head of gov’t” - runs day to day operations

propose/enact EU Council’s agenda, enact laws/policies/budgeting

Council of the Union (ministers)

Legislative

main decision-making legislative body

amend, approve, veto

• uniminity for impt stuff

• simply majority for most

handles foreign policy/relations

rotating gov’t ministers based on topic (e.g. agri minister, econ minister, etc.)

Parliament

Legislative

720 members, proportionally directly elected (% of population to reps)

MEPs = Members of EU Parliament

oversees everything

Court of Justice of the EU

Judiicial

Ensure EU laws are interpreted and implemented in every country

Settles EU beef IN THE EU

Ordinary Legislative Procedure (co-decision)

• most common

• EU Commission propose law, Parli and Council rev and agree/disagree

Special Legislative Procedure: Consultation

• Council proposes law

• consult with Parli (decision is non binding)

  • asking is required

Special Legislative Procedure: Consent

• Council adopts law

• MUST get consent from Parli (who can’t amend law)

Qualified Majority

55% of countries must agree and those countries must cover 65% of EU population

OPEC (Org of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

• Iran and Nigeria

• Ctrl oil prices

USMCA (US/Mex/Canada) / NAFTA (North Amer Free Trade Agreement)

get rid of tariffs and make free trade zone

G7 (Group of 7)

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US

informal group of leading economies

Broadening enlargement

more countries added to EU

Democratic deficit

feeling disconnected from Decisions made (usually bc ppl didn’t directly vote for the person)