Biol 162 Lab

Superior

Describes the vertical position higher than another structure

Exteroceptors

Describe external stimuli like sight, hearing, touch, etc

Interoceptors

Transmit information describing internal condition of our bodies

Ossicles

Middle ear bones (malleus, incus, and stapes)

Conduction deafness

Problems with external or middle ear structures conducting sound vibrations

sensorineural deafness

Any problem with the structures inside cochlea

Proprioceptors

Special interoceptor that innervate muscles, ligaments, joints, and tendons to tell body muscle position and movement.

accommodation

when the lens changes shape to focus light reflected from near or far objects

Myopia

nearsightedness, occuring when the eyeball is too long or the focusing apparatus is too strong

Hyperopia

farsightedness, occuring when the eyeball is short or the focusing apparatus is weak

Presbyopia

The lens of the eye loses elasticity and loses the ability to accommodate for near vision as we age.

Astigmatism

The cornea is not perfectly round but looks like a football creating blurry vision

White matter

Grey matter

Dorsal root

Spinal nerve

Ventral root

Ventral horn

Lateral horn

Dorsal horn

Dorsal root ganglia

Pre-synaptic neuron

The axon terminals send a signal

post-synaptic neuron

The dendrites or cell body receive a signal

Foramen rotundum

Trigeminal V2

Superior orbital fissure

Oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal V1, abducens

Optic canal

Optic nerve

Cribriform plate

Olfactory nerve

Foramen ovale

Trigeminal V3

Carotid canal

Carotid artery

internal acoustic meatus

Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

Jugular foramen

Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerve

Hypoglossal canal

_________ nerve

Foramen magnum

Spinal cord

hypophyseal fossa

Depression in the center of the sella turcica

Anterior cranial fossa

middle cranial fossa

posterior cranial fossa

External occipital protuberance

bump in the middle of occipital bone

Squamous suture

Joins the temporal bone and the parietal bone

parietal bone

Largest bone visible laterally

Sagittal suture

right and left parietal bones joined by this

Coronal suture

Joins parietal bones to the frontal bone

Inferior

Describes a position lower than another structure.

Anterior

Describes the position toward the front of the body or structure.

Posterior

Describes the position of structure front-to-back twoards the back

Medial

Describes a position closer to the midline of the body or structure.

Lateral

Describes a position farther from the midline of the body or structure.

Proximal

Describes a position closer to the point of attachment or origin of a limb or structure.

Distal

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or origin of a limb or structure.

Cranial

Describes the position of a structure towards the head.

Caudal

Describes the position of a structure toward the tail or rear.

Dorsal

Refers to a structure that is an upper structure. (Organism walking on all fours, Ex: Dog’s backbone)

Ventral

The lower structures of an organism walking on all fours.

Head

The prominent expanded end of a bone.

Shaft

The long middle portion of a bone.

Crest

A narrow ridge.

Line

A narrow raised area, smaller than a crest.

Process

A bony projection.

Condyle

A smooth, rounded projection that articulates with another bone. Have small, round projections just above them called _______.

Trochanter

A very large, rough-looking process found only on the femur.

Spine

A narrow or sharp process. Can be pointed structures, or they can be more like tall, very narrow ridges.

Tubercle

A small rounded process.

Tuberosity

A rough area or surface on a bone where a muscle attaches.

Fossa

A shallow depression.

Sulcus

A groove that allows a nerve or blood vessel to pass.

Foramen

A round hole through a bone that allows nerves and blood vessels through.

Canal

Tunnel through a bone.

Meatus

A canal or tunnel through a bone, but can be a tunnel through the skull to transmit sounds to your ear

Fissure

A narrow slit through a bone.

Greater trochanter

Head of femur

Lesser trochanter

Epicondyle

Lateral or Medial

Condyle

Lateral or Medial

Foramen spinosum

Styloid process

Occipital condyle

Mandibular fossa

Carotid canal

Mastoid process

Foramen magnum

Nuchal lines

superior and inferior ones

Superior Temporal line

Inferior Temporal line

external auditory meatus

Superior orbital fissure

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Head

Intertubercular sulcus

Deltoid tuberosity

Shaft

Iliac crest

Ischial spine

Scapular Spine

Tissue

Group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function.

Histology

The study of tissues

Pathology

Study of how tissues are altered due to disease

Epithelium

High number of cells packed tightly together, lacks blood vessels, and very little extracellular material. Functions in covering surfaces of the body and forming glandular tissue. Forms glandular tissue.

Avascular

Lacks blood vessels