Health Promotion, Policy, and Behavior Change

Vocabulary flashcards covering health policy, health promotion frameworks, health behavior models, and health literacy.

Health Policy

Decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A landmark health promotion agreement resulting from a 1986 WHO meeting of world health experts in Ottawa, Canada.

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health, extending beyond healthy lifestyles to complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Healthy People 2030

A national blueprint for better health in the U.S. managed by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion within the Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS).

House Bill 2009

A bill passed in 2009 by the Oregon legislature that outlined health reform policies and established the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) and Oregon Health Policy Board (OHPB).

Oregon Health Policy Board (OHPB)

The governing board responsible for implementing health reform policies in Oregon, primarily through Oregon's Health System Transformation.

Prerequisites to Health

The fundamental conditions for health identified in the 1986 Ottawa Charter: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A psychological model created by Abram Maslow in 1943 proposing that lower-level basic needs must be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.

Self-Actualization

The top level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, defined as achieving one's full potential.

Health Behavior

An action taken by a person that affects their health.

Healthy Behavior

A behavior that helps a person attain, maintain, or regain health, such as eating a nutritious diet, being physically active, getting adequate sleep, or following safety precautions.

Unhealthy Behavior

A behavior that has a negative impact on health, such as using tobacco, drinking excessively, having unprotected sex with multiple partners, or driving distracted.

Health Belief Model

A psychological model stating that a person's beliefs about a disease and the recommended risk-reducing actions determine their health behavior.

Perceived Seriousness

A Health Belief Model construct referring to a person's belief about the seriousness of a disease.

Perceived Susceptibility

A Health Belief Model construct referring to a person's belief about their likelihood of getting a disease.

Perceived Benefits

A Health Belief Model construct referring to a person's belief about how effective changing their behavior would be in reducing disease risk.

Perceived Barriers

A Health Belief Model construct referring to a person's belief about the obstacles standing in the way of adopting a new behavior.

Self-Efficacy

A person's belief in their ability to successfully execute a behavior change.

Stages of Change Model

Also known as the Trans-Theoretical Model of Behavior Change, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the late 1970s to explain behavior change readiness.

Precontemplation Stage

The stage where individuals do not intend to take action in the foreseeable future (next 6 months), often unaware that their behavior is problematic.

Contemplation Stage

The stage where individuals intend to start the healthy behavior within the next 6 months, weighing pros and cons equally but feeling ambivalent.

Preparation (Determination) Stage

The stage where individuals are ready to take action within the next 30 days and start taking small steps toward behavior change.

Action Stage

The stage where individuals have recently changed their behavior (within the last 6 months) and intend to keep moving forward.

Maintenance Stage

The stage where individuals have sustained their behavior change for more than 6 months and work to prevent relapse.

Termination Stage

The stage where individuals have no desire to return to unhealthy behaviors and are sure they will not relapse; rarely reached in practice.

Consciousness Raising

A process of change focused on increasing awareness about the healthy behavior.

Dramatic Relief

A process of change involving positive or negative emotional arousal regarding the health behavior.

Self-Reevaluation

A process of change involving self-reappraisal to realize that healthy behavior aligns with who one wants to be.

Environmental Reevaluation

A process of change involving social reappraisal to realize how one's unhealthy behavior affects others.

Social Liberation

A process of change involving environmental opportunities that demonstrate societal support for the healthy behavior.

Self-Liberation

A process of change involving commitment to change based on the belief that achieving the healthy behavior is possible.

Helping Relationships

A process of change focused on establishing supportive relationships that encourage the desired change.

Counter-Conditioning

A process of change involving substituting healthy behaviors and thoughts for unhealthy ones.

Reinforcement Management

A process of change involving rewarding positive behavior and reducing rewards associated with negative behavior.

Stimulus Control

A process of change involving re-engineering the environment to add supportive cues and remove triggers for unhealthy behavior.

Build Healthy Public Policy

An Ottawa Charter action area aimed at directing policy makers across all sectors to account for health consequences and make healthier choices easier.

Create Supportive Environments

An Ottawa Charter action area utilizing a socioecological approach to promote safe, stimulating living conditions and conservation of natural resources.

Strengthen Community Actions

An Ottawa Charter action area focused on empowering communities to own, control, and direct their health priorities and strategies.

Develop Personal Skills

An Ottawa Charter action area supporting personal development through education and life skill enhancement to increase individual control over health.

Reorient Health Services

An Ottawa Charter action area expanding the mandate of health services beyond clinical care toward health promotion, cultural sensitivity, and holistic needs.

Health Impact Pyramid

A framework developed by Dr. Thomas R. Frieden (CDC) illustrating that lower tier public health interventions are more effective because they reach broader populations with less individual effort.

Health Literacy

The capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions and navigate the health care system.

Teach-Back Method

A communication method used to verify understanding by asking a client to repeat instructions or demonstrate steps in their own words.