Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards based on the exam review lecture notes.

Islam

Dominant in Middle East & North Africa during this period.

Mongol Impact

Dramatically affected trade routes, cross-cultural integration, & technology exchanges.

Trade Routes (Silk, Sand, Sea)

Increased trade on the Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and Trans-Saharan.

Trade Technologies

Saddles, ships, and gold facilitated increased trade.

Trade Cities

Trade led to the growth of major cities like Swahili City States and Timbuktu.

Islamic Empire Breadth

Islam dramatically affected history due to the large territory it encompassed.

Mongol Empire

The largest land empire in history.

Western Europe

Turned feudal, similar to feudal Japan (decentralized).

Byzantine Empire

Highly centralized empire.

China's Golden Age

Experienced a second golden age during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties.

Aztec and Inca

Not connected to global trade; located in the Americas.

Islam

A catalyst of change during this period.

Schism in Christianity

A catalyst of change during this period.

Manufacturing in Song China

A catalyst of change during this period.

Black Death

A catalyst of change during this period.

Islam

Monotheistic religion like Judaism and Christianity, but considered 'super-monotheistic'.

Five Pillars of Islam

Prayer (5 times), Fasting during Ramadan, Give charity, Confess there is one God, Make trip to Mecca.

Dar Al Islam

House of Islam; the territory where Islam is practiced.

Spread of Islam

Spread by merchants, missionaries, and conquering due to weaker surrounding areas.

Abu Bakr

Named Caliph (in charge of Muslim religion and government) after Muhammad's death.

Umayyad Dynasty

First Islamic Dynasty (661-750 CE); expanded Islam, capital in Damascus.

Jizya

Tax on non-Muslims used in Islamic empires; shows religious tolerance.

Al-Andalus

Islamic Spain showing diffusion of culture.

Abbasid Caliphate

Golden Age of Islam (750-1258 CE); capital moved to Baghdad, trade flourished.

Abbasid Accomplishments

Arabic numerals, advancements in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, astrolabe, astronomical observatories, optic surgery, medical encyclopedias and literature.

Sufis

Mystical Muslims; mix of Islam with tribal religions; spread Islam.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern part of the Roman Empire; survived until 1453.

Justinian

Most important Byzantine Emperor; Justinian’s Code.

Great Schism

1054 Holy Roman Church splits with Byzantine Church due to icons.

Eastern Orthodox Church

Icons, Bible in vernacular, priests could marry; huge influence on Russia.

Western Europe

Decentralized government but centralized religion (Catholic Church).

Crusades

Catholic Church wanted to remove Muslims from Holy Lands; lasting impact = return of knowledge from the Middle East to Europe.

Black Death

Began in China, spread through trade routes, killed 1/3 of European population.

Nation-States Development

England (Magna Carta), France (100 Years War), Spain (Reconquista), Russia emerged after Mongol Horde lost power.

Song Dynasty

Iron manufacturing made China manufacturing giant; compass and printing.

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol rule in China.

Ming Dynasty

Kicked out the Mongols, Chinese culture reemerged.

Shogun

Held power in Feudal Japan while the Emperor was a figurehead.

Mongol Empire

Largest continuous land empire in world history.

Pax Mongolica

Mongol peace; facilitated the 3rd Golden Age of the Silk Road; religiously tolerant.

Genghis Khan (Chinggis)

Started the Mongol Empire.

Ogedei Khan

Genghis' son; died in Austria.

Kublai Khan

Genghis' grandson; focused on taking China, Yuan Dynasty.

Swahili

Mixture of Bantu and Arabic language, East Africa.

Trans Saharan Trade

Camel saddle and motivation of gold accelerated trade.

Stateless societies

Civilizations without formal governments.

Americas

Llama: only large domesticated beast of burden.

Aztec

Capital Tenochtitlan; expansionistic, trade encouraged, chinampas.

Incas

Peru; Machu Picchu; No written language (Quipu).

Polynesian migrations

migration around Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii and New Zealand. Not connected to the rest of the world