Research Proposal Outline: Teacher's Scaffolding Strategies in Teaching Descriptive Text

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, theoretical frameworks, scaffolding stages, descriptive text characteristics, and methodology details from the research proposal outline.

Scaffolding (Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976)

A temporary support given by a more knowledgeable person (the teacher) to help a learner complete a task that is still beyond his or her ability, which is gradually reduced as the learner becomes more competent.

Teaching Strategies (Richards, 2014)

The ways a teacher consciously chooses to help students achieve the learning goals.

Writing Strategies (Brown, 2007)

Strategies in teaching writing that include giving a model text, providing feedback, and guiding students step by step.

Genre-Based Approach (Hyland, 2003)

An approach requiring the teacher to explicitly teach the text structure and language features of the genre being learned, such as descriptive text.

Types of Scaffolding (Walqui, 2006)

Classifications of scaffolding strategies into modelling, bridging, contextualization, schema building, re-presenting text, and developing metacognition.

Inquiry Stage (Read, 2010)

The first stage of scaffolding in which the teacher explores students' prior knowledge.

Modeling Stage (Read, 2010)

The second stage of scaffolding in which the teacher gives an example of the text.

Shared Stage (Read, 2010)

The third stage of scaffolding in which the teacher and students write together.

Collaborative Stage (Read, 2010)

The fourth stage of scaffolding in which students write in groups.

Independent Stage (Read, 2010)

The fifth stage of scaffolding in which students write on their own without help.

Writing Process (Harmer, 2004)

A process consisting of planning, drafting, revising, and editing, rather than something produced instantly.

Writing Skill (Nunan, 2003)

A complex cognitive skill because students must think about content, structure, and language at the same time.

Descriptive Text Generic Structure (Hyland, 2003)

The generic structure of descriptive text, consisting of identification and description.

Descriptive Text Language Features (Harmer, 2004)

Specific features of descriptive text, such as the use of adjectives, simple present tense, and detailed, specific sentences.

Research Design

A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, used to describe a real classroom phenomenon in depth rather than measure cause-and-effect relationships.

Research Instruments

An observation checklist (to record strategies), an interview guide (to explore teacher reasons), and a documentation sheet (for supporting documents).

Techniques of Collecting Data

Three techniques: classroom observation, teacher interview, and documentation.

Miles and Huberman Model

A three-step data analysis model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification.

Data Reduction

The step in qualitative data analysis that involves selecting and simplifying the data.

Data Display

The step in qualitative data analysis that involves presenting the data systematically.

Conclusion Drawing and Verification

The final step in qualitative data analysis that involves drawing conclusions based on the presented data.