Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Monosaccharides

-Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.

-Consists of a single sugar molecule with formula CH2O

-Eg glucose, galactose, fructose

-Condensation reaction between two monosaccharides form a glycosidic bond

-Hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, therefore monosaccharides are soluble in water (hydrophilic)

Disaccharides

-Formed from the condensation between two monosaccharides

-Maltose is a disaccharide formed by two glucose

-Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by a glucose and a fructose

-Lactose is a disaccharide formed by a glucose and a galactose

Isomers of glucose

Polysaccharides

-Formed by the condensation of many glucos units

-Glycogen and starch are formed by the condensation of alpha glucose

-Cellulose is formed by the condensation of beta glucose

Condensation reaction

Joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water. The bond formed is called a glycosidic bond (α1-4 glycosidic bond).

Hydrolysis

Breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule

1, 4 glycosidic bond from condensation reaction