module 11: brain - overview and protective layers

where is the brain located?

part of the CNS in the cranial cavity

what are the main 4 regions of the brain?

1. brainstem

2. cerebellum

3. diencephalon

4. cerebrum

what does the brainstem do?

it connects the spinal cord to the brain

what does the cerebellum do?

involved in locomotion, balance and posture

what are the 4 regions of the diencephalon

1. thalamus

2. epithalamus

3. hypothalamus

4. subthalamus

what does the cerebrum do?

conscious thought and control

what is the brain protected by?

• cranial bones

• cranial meninges - 3 layers

• CSF

what are the 3 layers of the cranial menegies

1. dura mater - most superficial (2 layers)

2. arachnoid mater (middle)

3. pia mater (deepest)

most superficial to deep mengie layers

1. skull

2. periosteal dura - dura mater

3. meningeal dura - dura mater

4. subdural mater

5. arachnoid mater

6. subarachnoid space

7. pia mater

how are dural venous sinuses formed?

because the meningeal layer pulls away from the periosteal dura - they are found at deep grooves in the brain

what are the 3 regions of the lateral ventricles

• anterior horn

• posterior horn

• inferior horn

explain the flow of CSF

1. lateral ventricle

2. interventricular foramen

3. third ventricle

4. cerebral aqueduct

5. fourth ventricle

what is CSF made from

serum like fluid lacking proteins (basically blood)

what is the purpose of CSF?

to bathe and protect the brain and spinal cord

where is most of CSF made?

the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle