Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Vygotsky emphasized that social interaction, culture, language, and guidance from more-skilled people support cognitive development.

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Tasks too difficult to do alone but possible with help from an adult or more-skilled peer

Or

the gap between what you can do all by yourself and what you can do with a little help.

What vygotsky concept is this? A student cannot solve a puzzle independently but succeeds with hints

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Scaffolding

A method where an adult, teacher, or more skilled peer gives temporary support to a learner, and then slowly takes that support away as the learner grows more independent

What vygotsky concept is this example? As the adult slowly removes support of the bike, the child eventually learns to balance and rides independently

Scaffolding

Private speech

self-directed verbal utterances that children speak aloud to themselves—not intended for an audience or conversation—to guide their own behavior, plan actions, and solve problems

What vygotsky concept example is this? Child says, “First this block, then that one,” while building

Private Speech

Inner speech

Self-talk that has become internalized

What vygotsky concept is this? Older child silently works through the step

Inner speech

Social constructivism

Knowledge is constructed through social interaction and cultural tools.

What vygotsky example is this? Students learn a skill through guided collaboration.

Social constructivism