B1.1.10 - Difference between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Last updated 9:41 PM on 10/17/26
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8 Terms

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Fatty ⁣Acid Structure

  • All fatty acids share a common structure: a long hydrocarbon chain (a chain of carbon ‍atoms bonded to hydrogen) with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end.

  • These chains vary in two key ways: ‌length and saturation


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Length

  • The number of carbon atoms in the chain


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Saturation

  • The number and position of C=C double bonds between carbon atoms


<ul><li><p>The number and position of <strong>C=C double bonds</strong> between carbon atoms</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Saturated Fatty Acids

  • No double bonds

  • From animals

  • Linearly stacked

  • Every carbon atom is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms


<ul><li><p><span style="color: lab(27.1134 -0.956401 -12.3224);">No double bonds</span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: lab(27.1134 -0.956401 -12.3224);">From animals </span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: lab(27.1134 -0.956401 -12.3224);">Linearly stacked </span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: lab(27.1134 -0.956401 -12.3224);">Every carbon atom is fully </span><strong>saturated</strong><span style="color: lab(27.1134 -0.956401 -12.3224);"> with hydrogen atoms</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

  • Found in plant-based oils

  • One double bond that reduces the molecule's ability to stack

  • Bend in chain


<ul><li><p><span style="color: lab(27.1134 -0.956401 -12.3224);">Found in plant-based oils</span></p></li><li><p><strong>One double bond</strong> that reduces the molecule's ability to stack</p></li><li><p>Bend in chain </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Polyunsaturated Fats

  • Two or more double bonds as the chain is ‌highly curved and cannot pack tightly

  • Examples are omega-6 and omega-3



<ul><li><p><strong>Two or more double bonds</strong> as the chain is ‌highly curved and cannot pack tightly</p></li><li><p>Examples are omega-6 and omega-3</p></li></ul><p></p><p></p>
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Difference between Cis and Trans Fat

  • Has to do with orientation of hydrogens around double bond

  • In cis fats, the hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the carbon chain, resulting in a bent shape

  • In trans fats the hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the carbon chain, resulting in a straight shape


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Why Trans Fat is Nutritionally Bad

  • Linked to cardiovascular compared to cis fats found in fish