Molarity, Dilutions, Stoichiometry, and Titrations

Practice vocabulary flashcards covering concentration units, dilution formulas, stoichiometry in solution, and titration concepts from the lecture.

Molarity ($M$)

A unit of solution concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution ($\text{mol}/\text{L}$).

Stock Solution

A concentrated solution of known concentration used to prepare more dilute solutions.

Dilution

The process of adding more solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of solute while keeping the total number of moles of solute unchanged.

Dilution Equation

The mathematical relationship $M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2$, where $M_1$ and $V_1$ represent the molarity and volume of the concentrated solution, and $M_2$ and $V_2$ represent the molarity and volume of the dilute solution.

Neutralization Reaction

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base (such as a strong base reacting with an acid) that yields water ($H_2O$) and a salt.

Salt

An ionic compound produced alongside water in a neutralization reaction.

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction occurring in aqueous solution where dissolved ionic reactants combine to form an insoluble solid precipitate.

Spectator Ions

Ions present in a reaction mixture that do not participate in forming the precipitate or neutral liquid product.

Titration

An analytical technique used to determine the unknown concentration of a solution by reacting it with a measured volume of a standard solution.

Burette

A piece of graduated laboratory glassware used in titrations to accurately deliver and measure the volume of standard solution added.

Indicator

A chemical compound added to a titration mixture that undergoes a visible color change when equivalent molar quantities of reactants have reacted.

Equivalence Point

The stage in a titration where stoichiometric or equivalent quantities of reactants have completely reacted.

Standard Solution

A solution of precisely known concentration used in a titration to react with an analyte until the equivalence point is reached.