enzymes

Kinda of reactions

Anabolic, Catabolic

Anabolic

Endergonic chemical reaction where molecules are broken then joined together to create more complex molecules

Catabolic

Exergonic chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules

Endergonic

Reaction which requires overall higher input of energy

Exergonic

Reaction that releases energy overall

Biochemical pathway

Regulated steps controlled by enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions

Activation energy

Energy required to stain and break the bonds of a reactant

Energy shuttle

Cells capture chemical energy from Verginia reactions to fuel Endergonic reactions

Coenzymes

Enzymes which transfer energy between reactions

ATP

Renewable coenzyme which breaks bones with phosphate to release energy

Phosphorylation

Addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule

Enzymes

Biological catalysts which bind to substrates and increase the rate of reaction

Induced fit

Enzymes undergo conformational change when binding to a substrate

Failed affecting enzyme activity

• temperature

• Substrate and enzyme concentration

• pH

• Inhibitors

Optimal temperature

Temperature at which enzyme works fastest

Denaturation

When temperature is too high bonds determining proteins 3D structure can break, causing it to lose its functional shape

pH

Level of acidity of a solution surrounding an enzyme which affects its function. Enzymes have an optimum pH which they function in

Buffer solution

A solution that prevents changes in pH, assisting with enzyme activity by keeping pH at optimal level.

Increased substrate concentration

Lads to increased product yield until Enzymes reach a saturation point

Increased enzyme concentration

Exponential increases in product yield until substrate is depleted or products begins inhibiting enzyme

Non competitive inhibitor

Product binds to the active site of an enzyme inhibiting enzyme activity, providing feedback inhibition

Competitive inhibition

Inhibitors compete with substrate for space in the active site, inhibiting substrate from binding.