Comptia A+ IP

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4; 32 Bits

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6; 128 Bits

Private IP address

Usable only on private networks. Can not be routed through the Internet

Public IP address

Usable on both private and public networks. Can be routed through the Internet, as long as the IP Address is unique

IPv4 Class A Range

1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0

IPv4 Class B Range

128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255

IPv4 Class C Range

192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

Private Class A Range

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Private Class B Range

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Private Class C Range

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

IPv4 Loop-back Address

127.0.0.1

APIPA Range

169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255

NAT

Network Address Translation. Translates IP Addresses between different networks. Typically between a public and private network

IPv6 Link-Local

IPv6 version of APIPA. Automatically configured, and only usable on local segment. (fe80::/64)

IPv6 Site-Local

IPv6 version of Private Addressing. Only usable within a single organization or site. Not usable on Internet. (fc00::/7)

IPv6 Global

IPv6 version of public addresses. Must be unique and are usable on the Internet.

Unicast

Delivered to one interface or node

Multicast

Delivered to a group of interfaces or nodes

Anycast

Delivered to the nearest interface

Broadcast

Delivered to any interface or node in the same LAN. IPv4 only.

CIDR Notation

A method for allocating IP addresses and routing that uses a suffix (e.g. /24) to indicate the network prefix length instead of traditional classes

Default Gateway

The network node that acts as the primary forwarding point for traffic destined for networks outside the local subnet; typically a router

DHCPv6

A protocol that assigns IPv6 addresses and configuration parameters to devices from a central server similar to DHCP in IPv4

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

The largest size of an IP packet that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction without requiring fragmentation

NAT vs PAT

A comparison where NAT translates whole IP addresses while PAT allows multiple devices to share a single IP address by differentiating sessions using port numbers

Subnet Mask

A 32-bit number used in IPv4 to divide the address into network and host portions; common notation is 255.255.255.0

IP

Internet Protocol

Reserved IPv4 Addresses

Special IPv4 addresses such as 0.0.0.0 for the default route and 255.255.255.255 for broadcast that are reserved for specific network functions