Synonyms / Advanced Words

Kingdom (n) /ˈkɪŋ.dəm/

realm (C1), domain (C1)

Flourish (v) /ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/

thrive (B2), prosper (B2), burgeon (C2)

State (n) /steɪt/

nation (B2), polity (C2)

Form (v) /fɔːm/

establish (B2), constitute (C1), originate (C1)

Bantu-speaking (adj)

N/A

Farmer (n) /ˈfɑː.mər/

cultivator (C1), agricultural worker

Control (v) /kənˈtrəʊl/

govern (B2), dominate (C1), exercise authority over

Plateau (n) /ˈplæt.əʊ/

elevated land, tableland (C2)

Sandstone (n) /ˈsænd.stəʊn/

N/A

Defend (v) /dɪˈfend/

protect (B2), safeguard (C1), fortify (C1)

Inaccessibility (n) /ˌɪn.əkˌses.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

remoteness (C1), isolation (C1)

Cattle herding (n)

livestock farming

Surplus (n) /ˈsɜː.pləs/

excess (B2), abundance (B2), oversupply (C1)

Trade (v/n) /treɪd/

exchange (B2), commerce (C1), barter (C1)

Extensive (adj) /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

substantial (C1), considerable (C1), widespread (B2)

Indicate (v) /ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

demonstrate (B2), reveal (B2), signify (C1)

Herd (n) /hɜːd/

flock (B2), livestock group

Domesticated (adj) /dəˈmes.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/

tamed (B2), cultivated

Cultivation (n) /ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

farming (B2), agriculture (B2), tillage (C2)

Weaving (n) /ˈwiː.vɪŋ/

textile production (C1)

Abundant (adj) /əˈbʌn.dənt/

plentiful (B2), ample (C1), copious (C2)

At its peak

at its height, at its zenith (C2)

Population (n) /ˌpɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

inhabitants (B2), populace (C1)

Chief (n) /tʃiːf/

leader (B2), ruler (B2), sovereign (C2)

Wealthiest (adj) /ˈwel.θi.ɪst/

richest (B2), most affluent (C1)

Individual (n) /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪdʒ.u.əl/

person (B2), entity (C1)

Precious (adj) /ˈpreʃ.əs/

valuable (B2), treasured (C1), invaluable (C1)

Adviser (n) /ədˈvaɪ.zər/

consultant (B2), counsellor (C1)

Dwell (v) /dwel/

reside (C1), inhabit (B2), settle (B2)

Enclosure (n) /ɪnˈkləʊ.ʒər/

compound (C1), confined area

Composed of

consist of, comprise, be made up of

Territory (n) /ˈter.ə.tər.i/

domain (C1), region (B2)

Natural (adj) /ˈnætʃ.ər.əl/

organic (C1), inherent (C1)

Complex (n) /ˈkɒm.pleks/

compound (C1), structure

Entire (adj) /ɪnˈtaɪər/

whole (B2), complete (B2), total (B2)

Surround (v) /səˈraʊnd/

encircle (C1), encompass (C1)

Palisade (n) /ˌpæl.ɪˈseɪd/

wooden barricade (C1)

Mud and thatch housing

traditional dwellings

Spread out

extend across, be dispersed

Predate (v) /ˌpriːˈdeɪt/

precede (C1), come before

Bury (v) /ˈber.i/

inter (C2), lay to rest (C1)

Burial (n) /ˈber.i.əl/

interment (C2), funeral (B2)

Hill site

hilltop settlement

Demarcated (adj) /ˈdiː.mɑː.keɪ.tɪd/

designated (C1), delineated (C2)

Dwelling (n) /ˈdwel.ɪŋ/

residence (B2), habitation (C1)

Surrounding (adj) /səˈraʊn.dɪŋ/

adjacent (C1), neighbouring (B2)

Valley (n) /ˈvæl.i/

basin (C1), lowland (C1)

Staircase (n) /ˈsteə.keɪs/

stairway (B2), flight of stairs

Connect (v) /kəˈnekt/

link (B2), join (B2), bridge (C1)

Socket (n) /ˈsɒk.ɪt/

cavity (C1), recess (C1)

Cliff face (n)

rock face

Grander (adj) /ˈɡræn.dər/

more magnificent (C1), more imposing (C1)

Dotted around

scattered across, dispersed throughout

Outskirts (n) /ˈaʊt.skɜːts/

periphery (C1), outskirts of a settlement

Relative (n) /ˈrel.ə.tɪv/

family member, kin (C1)

Impressive (adj) /ɪmˈpres.ɪv/

remarkable (B2), striking (C1), imposing (C1)

Residence (n) /ˈrez.ɪ.dəns/

dwelling (B2), abode (C2)

Servant (n) /ˈsɜː.vənt/

attendant (C1), subordinate (C1)

Carnivore (n) /ˈkɑː.nɪ.vɔːr/

meat-eater (B2), predator (C1)

Remains (n) /rɪˈmeɪnz/

relics (C1), remnants (C1)

Ivory (n) /ˈaɪ.vər.i/

elephant tusk material

Splinter (n) /ˈsplɪn.tər/

fragment (B2), shard (C1)

Suggest (v) /səˈdʒest/

indicate (B2), imply (C1), point to

Skin (n) /skɪn/

hide (C1), pelt (C1)

Accumulate (v) /əˈkjuː.mjə.leɪt/

amass (C1), gather (B2), collect (B2)

Coastal (adj) /ˈkəʊ.stəl/

seaside (B2), maritime (C1)

Merchant (n) /ˈmɜː.tʃənt/

trader (B2), dealer (B2)

Benefit from (v)

gain from, profit from

Locally-sourced (adj)

locally obtained, domestically sourced

Strengthen political authority

political control, governing power

Monopolise (v) /məˈnɒp.əl.aɪz/

dominate (C1), control exclusively

Lucrative (adj) /ˈluː.krə.tɪv/

profitable (B2), remunerative (C2)

Interregional (adj) /ˌɪn.təˈriː.dʒən.əl/

cross-regional, between regions

Archaeological (adj) /ˌɑː.ki.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

historical (B2)

Produce (v) /prəˈdjuːs/

manufacture (B2), fabricate (C1)

On a scale

on a large scale, extensively

Professional (adj) /prəˈfeʃ.ən.əl/

skilled (B2), specialised (C1)

Potter (n) /ˈpɒt.ər/

ceramic artist, ceramic craftsman

Indicator (n) /ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪ.tər/

sign (B2), evidence (B2), manifestation (C1)

Prosperity (n) /prɒˈsper.ə.ti/

affluence (C1), wealth (B2), flourishing (C1)

Spherical (adj) /ˈsfer.ɪ.kəl/

round (B2), globular (C2)

Vessel (n) /ˈves.əl/

container (B2), receptacle (C1)

Decorative (adj) /ˈdek.ər.ə.tɪv/

ornamental (C1), embellishing

Figurine (n) /ˌfɪɡ.əˈriːn/

statuette (C1), miniature sculpture

Stylised (adj) /ˈstaɪ.laɪzd/

abstracted (C1), highly designed

Elongated (adj) /ˈiː.lɒŋ.ɡeɪ.tɪd/

lengthened (B2), stretched (B2)

Limb (n) /lɪm/

extremity (C1)

Ceremony (n) /ˈser.ɪ.mə.ni/

ritual (C1), observance (C1)

Offering (n) /ˈɒf.ər.ɪŋ/

sacrifice (C1), tribute (C1)

Ancestor (n) /ˈæn.ses.tər/

forebear (C1), predecessor (C1)

Precise (adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/

exact (B2), specific (B2), definitive (C1)

Artefact (n) /ˈɑː.tɪ.fækt/

relic (C1), archaeological object

Craft (v) /krɑːft/

fashion (C1), manufacture (B2), fabricate (C1)

Geometrical (adj) /ˌdʒiː.əˈmet.rɪ.kəl/

geometric, mathematical

Pattern (n) /ˈpæt.ən/

motif (C1), design (B2)

Cover (v) /ˈkʌv.ər/

coat (B2), overlay (C1), clad (C2)

Sceptre (n) /ˈsep.tər/

royal staff, emblem of sovereignty

Figurine (n) /ˌfɪɡ.əˈriːn/

statuette (C1)

Royal (adj) /ˈrɔɪ.əl/

regal (C1), sovereign (C1)

Intrinsic (adj) /ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/

inherent (C1), essential (C1)